Studies On Wheat Varieties And Breeding Goal For Super-high Yielding Wheat In The Middle And Southern District Of Hebei Province

The winter wheat varieties, being registered in Hebei province as suitable for irrigated fertile soil in the Middle and South of Hebei in the past 15 years (1990-2004), were chosen as the materials. The change tendency, resulted from the analysis of yield, yield components and biological characteristics, was shown as follows: The yield per unit area in average was increased by 8.88 kg/ 667 m~2 every year, the grain weight increased gradually , the grain weight was improved by 0.8g per 1000 seeds for the second 5 years (1995-1999) compared with that of the first 5 years (1990-1994), and the improvement increased to 2.7g for the third 5 years (1999-2004) compared with that of the second 5 years. In average, the grain weight per thousand seeds increased 1.6g every 5 years.the grain number per ear also represented a increase trends. The grain number per ear increased by 2.5 for the second 5 years compared with that of the first 5 years, and by 0.5 for the third 5 years compared with that of the second 5 years. The grain number per ear increased - by 1.5 in average for every 5 years. The advantages and shortcomings of the winter wheat varieties in the middle and southern district of Hebei province, and the main problems concerning further improvement of wheat yield, were concluded through analyzsing and summarizing other scholar's viewpoints about superhigh yield variety of wheat. In super-high yield breeding, great attention should pay to photosynthesis determination in order to select varieties of high light use efficiency, attention should also pay to the photosynthesis of non- leaf blade, plant architecture Also should be changed from the former inherent pattern for an ideal plant type. Under the condition of ensuring a certain quantity of ears number per unit area . The super-high yield component structure could be achived through further improvement of the grain- weight per 1000 seeds and the grain number per ear. The potential factors for further yield improvement in the Middle and Southern district of Hebei were summarized and exemplified using a new wheat variety bred by ourselves, thus the yield component structure and breeding goal for the super-high yield wheat variety in the Middle and Southern district of Hebei were proposed, the yield goal of 600 kg/667 m~2 for super-high- yielding wheat in the near 5 years is realistic in the Middle and Southern district of Hebei province. The biological characteristics of the superhigh- yielding wheat variety were also discussed .The measures to realize the goal for ultra-high yield wheat breeding in the Middle and Southern district of Hebei province were pointed out, such as: pay attention to the collect, study and utilization of wheat variety resources, and to the study and adoption of the new wheat breeding methods, especially the use of heterosis. The breeding for superhigh- yielding wheat variety should also be combined with related cultural technique.