Generalization And Research On IPM Of Biorational Packaged Pear

Production of pear as one of the dominant industry in Pucheng county, cultivated area 80,000 ha., annually output value more than 200,000,000 yuan, functions as the main resources of increasement income for farmers in northern irrigation area, and being important for the stability of the country as well. That the increasing species of diseases and pests, as well as the law of occurrence cause many fruit farmers want to desert management and destroy the orchard has imperiled the stability and development of the industry of pear directly. On the basement of large number of reference, extensive field investigation and scientific research, the author not only have acquired the main kinds of diseases and pests in addition to the law of occurrence, but also have made out the key measures of the proper time and kinds of medicine for chemical control, as well as work out and generalized the IPM strategy, and instructed the local industry of pear, which have achieved apparent economic benefit. Conclude the research and generalization as follows: 1. Key diseases and pests in Pucheng county: Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto, Psylla Chinensis Yang et Li, Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana, and Aphanostigmajakusuiense Kishid. 2. New recognition about the occurrence law of key diseases and pests: {I) Venturia nashicola mainly overwinters in the scales of flower buds and grow with the sprouting of buds, separating of inflorescence, blossoming, the symptom most apparently in florescence. The infected flower cannot blossom completely with only 2-3 petals and deformity; the anthocaulus shorten and show mildew at the proximal part. It is effective to reduce the primary infection resource to remove the infected flowers during the flowering phase. (2) Psylla Chinensis occurs early, begin to lay eggs about 20 days before blossoming, propagate frequently and cause the most damages before and during the flower reason. Then, it is most critical to control during this period. (3) Pseudococcus comstocki, Aphanostigma jakusuiense and Grapholitha molsta Busck overwinter in the bucklings. Tying grass bands to the pear trunk to attract the pests before winter, and burning the grass bands together in the next spring, as well as scraping the buckling before the occurrence in ?spring, are all good control methods. {^Pseudococcus comstocki and Aphanostigma jakusuiense are obligatory pests of packaged fruit, mainly entering and damaging after packaged, it is important to control before packaged to suppress the base to the minimum. Controlling shortly after packaged can keep the pests from passing through the package. To line a piece of sponge at the open of package will be more efficient. (5)Grapholitha molsta polyvotine and generation overlapping, can damage peach, early pear, pear and apple, etc., not only biting through the package and damaging in it, but also breaking the package by teeth to pupate outside, which enhance the difficulty. Place sexual trap properly to attract and kill adults will be effective. 3. Proper time and appreciate kind of medicine for chemical control (1) Inflorescence separating phase: Therapeutic fungicides and pesticides for ahpids, Pear psylla and Comstock mealybug. (2) 80% flowers falling stage ?before packaged: Continue spraying protective fungicides 2-3 times with proper pesticides for aphids every 15-20 days. (3) After packaged: Investigating the occurrence of Comstock mealybug and Aphanostigma jakusuiense undoing the package, and controlling at the early stage of occurrence. (4) In seriously damaged orchard: Placing sexual trap per 20m picking out the pests and adding water in time, changing the trap core per 2 months from the early ten days of April to the end of September. 4. Effective methods of technique generalization (1) Setting demonstration orchards. Testifying the correctness and feasibility through the demonstrations, making the technique available and trust-worth to fruit fanners in order to strengthen their confidence in controlling the diseases and pests and enhance the reputation of technician. (2) Holding various technique training for farmers to generalizing the techniques. v (3) Making full use of the massive media to generalize techniques, such as by transmitting the control information to fanners by television lecture at the critical phase of control, building special web site to propagate techniques with the help of Internet.