Study On Breeding Of Shaan You 225 Variety And Its Quality Charaeters In Wheat

Wheat is one of most important crops in the world. In China,Wheat is the second most abvndent crop after rice, but both the total yield and trade volume are first in the world. However, the quality of wheat in China is poorer than that in developed countries. The main problems are a shortage of strong gluten wheat varieties and weak gluten wheat varieties, especially the varieties making good bread and noodles. So it is urgent that we breed and utilize strong gluten wheat varieties. Shaan you 225 (SY225), a high-quality bread wheat variety first identified in China, has been planted in about one million hm2 in all. According to breeding, exploitation and research on variety quality, this paper systematically and deeply analyzes agronomic traits, yield and quality of SY225, especially its processing trait, and evaluates it. It can provide a scientific and theoretical guide for breeding and exploiting of high quality wheat varieties. The main results are as follow. SY225 is as good as Xiao Yan 6 in many characteristics, such as high yield, good quality, wide adaptability, etc. Though it is less tolerant to barren lands than Xiao Yan 6 and has its maturation later than Xiao Yan 6. Many characteristics of SY225 are better then Xian Yan6 such as TKW, grains per ear, stem tolerance, resistance to lodging and sprouting, reduced plant height, and better spike traits. The yield of SY 225 averaged 4500kg to 6000kg per hm2 and 11.37% greater than local varieties and Xiao Yan 6, The yield even reached 7500kg per hm2 in some places. The quality of SY 225, which was one of the best strong gluten wheat varieties in China, had reached or exceeded varieties of the USA, England, Canada and France. The results of experiments which were repeated for 20 years 32 times in different districts showed that the main quality index of SY225 were as follows: weight volume 805.4g/l, protein content 14.1%, wet gluten content 34.3%, sedimentation value 58.1ml, developing time 10.8 min, stability 22.2 min, extosograph area 170.5 cm2, extonsopraph value 802.0 BU, evaluating value 75.1, bread volume 791.3 cm3 and bread score 87.6. The experiment was done under three different ecosystem environments, including rain backing plain on the north of the for 13 years Wei He river, Guan Zhong irrigation area and the middle and inferior sections of Huang He River area. The types of soil including drought field, irrigation field grows with corn, grown with rice crop and a mountain field were analyzed Eight years experiment data, out of the 13 years, were analyzed. The results showed that SY 225 quality was good and stable. The variation coefficient of the other quality characteristics was lower than 15%, except developing time and stability time, Its main quality index, such as test weight 820.7 g/l, protein content 14.1%, wet gluten content 34.3%, sedimentation value 63.9ml, milling yield 73.5%, color 81.8%, water absorption 63.4%, developing time 9.6min, stability 16.6min, extorsograph area 189.5 cm2, maximum resistency 797.5 BU, evaluating value 73.0, bread volume 825.5 cm3, and bread score 87.5, all planted were within the "good quality"range in China. Although some quality indices decreased slighthy in when after rice crop in Zheng Zhou, the overall quality exceeded the country's standardization levels. All the results showed that SY225 should be widely planted and exploited to provide high quality materials for industrial production. The flour technology study indicated that SY 225 was a good strong gluten wheat variety. Different special types of flour, were produced by means of mixing SY225 flour with other wheat flour. This flour could not only safisfy the demand of the food industry but also satisfy various demands in making breads, instant noodles, noodles and steamed breads. The food made with SY225, would be more delicious. Wheat grain stored for more then four months should be chosen to mill. The study on germplasm resources showed that SY 225 is a good heredity material and good quality variety with strong gluten content. HMW-GS of SY 225 comprise 1, 14+15 and 2+12 controlled by chromosome 1A, 1B and 1D. Using SY225 as their parent, more than ten wheat varieties including Shaan Nong 28, Zhong Nong 973, Shaan Nong 981, Nong Da 340, Nong Da 135, Lin You 21, Lin You 145 and Nong Da 1193 were bred. They have been released in large areas. In conclusion, SY225 is both a very important variety and good germplasm.