Study On Genetic Diversity Of Huanghuai Goat And Yangtze River Delta White Goat Populations

Using the method of "random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat" and several electrophoresis techniques, the variations of 17 structural loci encoding blood proteins in 53 Huanghuai (HH) goat and 30 Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat were examined and compared with those of 21 other goat populations in China and other countries around China to figure out their phylogenic relations. The average heterozygosities (h) of Huanghuai (HH) goat and Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat were 0.0826 and 0.0899, respectively. Their average polymorphic information contents (PIC) were separately 0.0699 and 0.0899. Their average effective numbers of alleles (Ne) were 1.0000 and 1.1533. The genetic approach degree of HH to the East Asian Group (EAG) was 0.8445, meanwhile 0.7440 to the South Asian Group (SAG); at the same time, the values of YRD to the two groups were 0.8981 to the EAG and 0.8201 to the SAG, respectively. It was obvious that HH goat population affiliate to the EAG at the genetic approach degree 0.8445 which is greater than 0.7440, the adscription of HH goat population to SAG. So the result that HH goat population affiliated to the EAG seemed quite reasonable. When it came to the Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat, the same conclusion was gotten, the degree that YRD goat population affiliated to EAG (0.8981) was greater than it to SAG (0.8201). The result that the two goat populations ascribed to the EAG was consistent to their geographical distribution and their history. Results of Neighbor Joining clustering and Fuzzy clustering were consistent with the geographic distribution of the populations involved in the phylogenic trees, but the genetic distances based on these two methods were not matched well each other, the reason perhaps lied on the different criteria implemented by the two methods. All in all, the dendrogram formed by fuzzy clustering explained the culture history of the breeds well. Test of gene flow among the Huanghuai goat (HH), Haimen Yangtze River Delta White (HM) goat and Yangzhong Yangtze River Delta White (YZ) goat populations was carried out, and the value of gene flow between the two subpopulations (HM&YZ)(Nm=8.4001) was higher than that between the twopopulations (HH&HM, YZ)(Nm=5.7309). The log of Nm (M) was correlated with thelog of the geographic distance between two sites; that was to say, the genetic structure of the two populations was isolation by distance model.With the data of body measurements and variation of morphological traits, genetic diversity of the two goat populations was checked and the out-comings were compared with the same data recourses both here and abroad. There were 2/3 loci were fixed in Yangtze River Delta White goat (YRD), while 1/3 in Huanghuai goat. That was, the former was undergoing harsher selective pressure on the morphological traits than the latter. Dendrogram constructed with the variation of morphological traits of the 14 goat populations could illustrate the geographic distributions and the disperse history of goat from central Asia area to east and south Asia. In order to find the relation between the body measurements and the ecological environments, the same data of 15 other China indigenous goat populations were cited to perform Factor Analysis in SPSS 11.5 package. It was obvious that the body measurements had a close relationship with the ecological environments. So we should take ecological conditions into account when we were confronted with breeding or classifying the type of goat populations. Using twenty-three microsatellite markers, we explored the genetic variations of Huanghuai (HH) goat and Yangtze River Delta White (RSD) goat and calculated their gene frequencies. The mean heterozygosities of HH goat and RSD goat were 0.7064and 0.6871, respectively. The polymorphic information content values were 0.6871and 0.6704, respectively. The values of mean effective alleles were 4.8491 and 4.3239, respectively. It can be referred that the degree of genetic variation in HH goat in non-coding regions was...