Studies On Soil Function Of Degradation And Restoration In Long-term Location Different Fertilization Systems

Research was intiated from 2002 to 2003 in "Beijing Fluvo-acqic SoilFertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long Term Monitoring Base(BFSFFELTMB,founded in 1990)". Based on long-term location and different fertilizationsystems, By probing into the mechanism of soil function degradation andwhereafter designing many fertilizers restore experimentations to restore thesoil function, The author systemically studied the mechanism of soil functiondegradation and restoration paths resulting from long-term location anddifferent fertilization systems. The results were followed as below:1. Effects of long-term location and different fertilization systems on cropyield and quality After 13-year long-term location and different fertilization systems , thosetreatments of CK( without fertilization in long term) , N(single nitrogenfertilization) and NK(single nitrogen and potassium fertilization) all havelower yields and the treatment of NP(single nitrogen and phosphorusfertilization) has higher yield. Whereas treatment of PK (single phosphorusand potassium fertilization) has higher maize yield, there has lower wheatyield. Treatment of NPKM (combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassiumand manure) not only has sustainable high yield, but also has higher yield thantreatment of NPK (combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Treatments of NPKM and NPK can increase the total protein,total aminoacid and indispensable amino acid contents of maize kernel which cancorrespondingly improve the kernel yield; The effect of long-term location anddifferent fertilization systems on glutelin is relatively lower and those onalbumin, globin and gliadin relatively higher which those four proteincomponents have the descending sequence: gliadin> glutelin> albumin>globin. Treatment of NPK of long-term fertilization has high kernel amylumcontent; treatments of N, NK, NPKM have higher dissoluble sugar content inkernel while treatment of PK has lower dissoluble sugar content; treatments ofapplying phosphorus fertilizer including NP, PK, NPK, NPKM have higher 4山东农业大学硕士学位论文crude fat content in kernel; treatments of applying pottasium fertilizerincluding NK,PK,NPK,NPKM have higher crude ash content in kernel; allfertilization treatments with the exception of NK have lower crude fibrecontent than treatments without fertilizers.2. Effects of long-term location and different fertilization systems on soilnutrient and enzyme activity Treatments of NPKM, NPK have relatively high soil total nitrogencontent, hydrolysable nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, availablephosphorus content, available potassium content and organic matter contentwhich those indexes of soil nutrient of the former treatment are higher thanthose of the latter. The extent of influence on soil nutrient in treatments bylong-term location and different fertilization systems is in the descendingsequence : avail phosphorus> total phosphorus> total nitrogen> availnitrogen> available potassium> organic matter. During one year, contents of soil total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen andtotal phosphorus aftert maize growth stage are higher than those after wheatgrowth stage while contents of available phosphorus and organic matterdecrease and available potassium content has no difference. Treatment without fertilizer in long term has the highest soil catalaseactivity while treatment of NPKM hasn't higher catalase activity relatively.3. The relationship between soil nutrient and maize quality in long-termlocation and different fertilization systems Maize quality and soil fertility have good correlation: there aresignificant positive correlation between protein content and amino acidcontent,starch content and organic matter content, crude ash content andavailable potassium; There are positive correlations between crude fat andtotal nitrogen and total phosphorus content while those correlations...