Approaches To Sustainable Utilization Of Grassland In Source Region Of Yangtse River, Yellow River And Lantsang River

The source region of the Three Rivers, the Yangtse River, Yellow River and Lantsang River are of great ecological significance not only to their headstreams, but to their middle and lower areas. The eco-environmental conditions of these areas influence the development of social economy, the life of people and the security of produce. Grass is the main vegetation of the source region, accounting for 79% of the whole region. Grassland animal husbandry is people's main life style and produce way. So animal husbandry becomes the main economic resource of people. Faced on the conditions of the river source, there are two important problems of the grassland sustainable development in the source region:One is the weak ecological environment of grassland, the other is the low economic benefit of animal husbandry. Under the background of the Great Development of West Region, it's important for us to study the grassland sustainable utilization for solving these two problems.By means of field survey, systems analysis and history datum analytic methods, on the base of natural, social, economic conditions of the source region, the author analyzed the type, characters of vegetation of the source region, then aimed at the problems of produce in source region, and then took out thereinafter conclusions on studying approaches to sustainable utilization of grassland in the source region.Referencing from the principles of community-ecology on plant, the article compartmentalized vegetation section in source region of Yangtse River and Yellow River, including forestry section, shrub and shrubbery section, grassland section, meadow section, desertification section and swamp section. Otherwise, there are parts of agricultural vegetation.Aiming at the serious problem of grassland degeneration, the author analyzed the characteristics and reasons of this problem. Through the analysis of the reasons of grassland degeneration, the author drawn hereinafter conclusions: the nature climatic drought, especially the hoist of the air temperature, result in the low growth of grass and low yield, which was the former power of the grassland. In the very cold areas, the hoist of air temperature could accelerate the aternation of freeze and melt of the soil, destroy the grass layer, accelerate the degeneration of grassland. Human action and economic activities prick up the degeneration of grassland, especially overgrazing in a farming and pasturing area. In the very cold areas, this phenomenon happened in winter and spring. With the rodent destruction, insect pest and other nature disaster, the deteriorated areas are increased every year.Aiming at the existent problems of how to utilize the grassland in the source region, the following approaches of grassland sustainable utilization are put forward: on the base of realizing the measures of ecology guard, such as to apply the monitor of grassland, to reinforce the management of grassland, to push on the construction of grassland, to establish and perfect the law of grassland, to control the quantity of population, to strict the quantity of livestock, to guard against the rodent destruction and defend system, to strengthen the education of science and technology, to carry out the eco-emigration and so on; the measures of reinforcing the utilization and breeding are thereinafter,: to enclosure breeding, irrigate,fertilizethe grassland,to divide the area for alternation of pasture,to utilize the superority of plant source, to develop the characteristic drug plants; to centrolize the emphasis to father the degenerated grassland, especially the "Black Soil Type",To reinforce the measures of guarantee and prevent the natural grassland from degeneration are very important.For the degenerated grassland, we should adopt the measures, such as reseed, enclosure, envelop breeding, recuperate grassland and so on to recover the grassland.In farming and desertilization area, the emphasis should control the quality of livestock, strengthen the throwing of grassland, to reseed the variety of enduring dr...