| In this paper, some studies on the endosperm, embryo and sprout of Gingko biloba seeds during germination, were carried out the quantity changes of Vegetative Storage Protein (albumin, globulin, prolamine, glutelin ) and amino acid, the activities changes of endopeptidase, peptidase, nitrate reductase, -amylase and -amylase. In the other hand, the techniques of SDS-PAGE and 2D SDS-PAGE, Brilliant Blue and Commassie Dye were used to study the protein fractions. It aims at finding out the protein metabolize mechanism of Gingko biloba seeds during germination, the main conclusions were drawn as follows:1. In endosperms, globulin had the most amount of quantity, then was glutelin, albumin was in the third place, and prolamine was the lowest. During the germination, the different protein quantity differently declined.2. The amino acid quantity was very low in the endosperm of seeds without storage. During germination, its quantity increased, however, it declined when embryo broke through the seed capsule, and then it slowly increased with the sprout growth.3. Several kinds of enzymes were involved in the degradation of storage substance in endosperm during germinating Gingko biloba seed. Endopeptidase activity was found to increase during germination, and the activity increased slightly when embryo broke through seed capsules, late declined; the activity of peptidase maintained its initial levels at the first germination, but increased slightly when embryo broke through seed capsules, and then increased; nitrate reductase activity increased with the germination, and slowly declined when the sprout began to grow; a -amylase activity increased during medium stages of embryo and sprout growth, contrary to it -amylase activity declined.4. According to SDS-PAGE result, the molecular weight range of the major proteins in the endosperm was 31KD to 13KD, and these proteins almost changed during germination. The characteristic of embryo and sprout protein fractions were that sprout protein blots equably distributed on the all gel. According to 2D SDS-PAGE result, their molecular weights were between 97KD to 13KD,and their isoelectric points were between 5.3 to 7.8. In these proteins spots, 80 kinds protein sports were clear, most of them were in the range of 26KD~52KD and the isoelectric points range of 5.8-7.8, and their changes were also so slight.There were almost 300 kinds protein spots in the embryo. Their molecular weight were between 97KD to 13KD, and the isoelectric points were between 5.3 to 7.8.5. According to SDS-PAGE and 2D SDS-PAGE result, it can be identified that VAP were proteins: 35KD/pI 6.8, 31KD/pI6.8, 29KD/pI6.8, 33KD/pI6.6, 33KD/pI6.4, 34KD/pI 7.7, 31KD/pI7.7.6. During germination of Gingko biloba seeds, endosperm proteins happened largely change.The proteins degraded included: 31KD/ pI 6.8 ,31KD/ pi 7.1,31KD/ pi 7.7 , 33KD/ pi 6.6, 33KD/ pi 7. K 34KD/ pi 7.7 , 36KD/ pi 7.1, 42KD/7 pl.8, 46KD/ pi 7.2, 46KD/ pi 7.0, 46KD/ pi 6.9, 85KD and 50KD. The ones new composed included: 14KD/ pi 6.3, 15KD/ pi 6.0, 15KD/pI6.1, 16KD/pI6.2, 17KD/pI6.6, 31KD/pI6.7 , 31KD/pI7.0, 31KD/pI6.3, 33KD/pI6.4, 34KD/pI7.4, 35KD/ pi 6.2, 35KD/ pi 6.3, 35KD/ pi 7.5. These composed protein expect of 31KD/pI6.7, declined and degraded with the germination, in the later they vanished.Based on the systematical analyses, the vegetative storage proteins in endosperm were supply of nitrogen fountain. During germination, VSPs were degraded and translated other vegetative substances that were used to sprout and embryo growth. At the same time, the energy from decompound releasing were used to transportation of substance, cell division, growth, and differentiation in order that seeds could germinate and become young plant. |
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