| The most important task of the post-genome era is the study of the expressed product of genome. Proteome indicates the PROTEins expressed by a genOME or tissue. The technology of proteomics requires the separation, identification of large number of proteins. Currently the most powerful method to separate proteins is 2D-electrophoresis. The technologies required to separate large numbers of proteins, to identify them, and to study their modifications are by no means straightforward. Currently the only separation technology which provides highly purified proteins separated in a simple parallel process is 2-D electrophoresis. In proteome projects, which aim to identify and characterize all proteins expressed by an organism or tissue, the identification of proteins is central. Identification is also the first step towards studies on protein co- and post-translational modification, and ultimately, function.The proteins 2-DE maps of rice (ORYZA SATIVA, peiai64S) spikelet at meiosis stage, were obtained by optimizing crucial factors and procedures such as sample treatment, electrophoresis parameter, and gel concentration. The results revealed that adapting lysis solution to treating sample, choosing moderate amount of sample, using pre-cast immobilized linear pH gradientpH 3-10 18cm dry strips for the first dimensional electrophoresis, 12.5% separation gel and 4% concentrating gel were used to the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. 50 protein spots out of about 1000 detectable spots on the 2-D gels were identified by the following two methods: 1.) N-terminal Edman degradation microsequencing after the protein spots were electro-transferred to PVDF membrane. 2) MALDI-TOF-MS peptide fingerprint analysis of the protein spots and protein database searching.While the rice spikelet changed from sterile to fertile stages, about 36 protein spots showed variations, compared with sterile stage, about 23 protein spots were upregulated. Three upregulated or downregulated proteins were identified.
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