| The study is consisted of three major parts. The first part included planting wild Dioscrea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and observing its biological characters, such as the growing regular pattern, the germination character of seeds, the sex ratio and the leaf type. The second part studied the effect of different factors to influence extracting diosgenin and draw out the fairly hydrolysis pattern. The third part studied factors to influence yield and diosgenin content of underground stem in plants. The major results are as follows:1. Biological characters of plants.1) The emergence stage and the bloom stage of materials from different regions were different, but their growth duration showed no difference.2) Plants in seed propagation ciidn' t bloom and had no reproductive growth period. Their growth duration was about a month longer than that of plants in stem propagation.3) The temperature was one of the major factors which effected germination of Dioscrea zingiberensis^. H. Wright seeds. The fairly temperature was 20"C. The seed life was short and germination rate of seeds stored for sixteen months was only 24%.4) The ratio of male plants to female plants and androgynous plants was about 579 : 404 ; 17. The ratio of plants in colour leaf to that in green leaf was about 3: 1.2. The factors to influence extracting diosgenin.Under the conditions of temperature 95癈~98癈 and the normal atmospheric pressure, the fairly concentration of acidity was 2N and the fairly hydrolysis time was 5h.3. The factors to influence yield and diosgenin content of underground stem in plants.1) The yield and diosgenin content of underground stem were different in different plants. Yield of single plant ranged from 16. 5g to 372.6g, and the average was 113.7g. Diosgenin content ranged from 0.55% to 4.53%, and the average was 2.05%. Both showed the trend of homoceral distribution. Most plants yields from 50g to 150g and their diosgenin contents from 1.25 % to 2.50%.2) The yield and diosgenin content of underground stem were different in plants from different regions. In four species, the yield of material from ShiMen county of Hunan was higher than thai of the others. As for diosgenin content, YuanLingcounty of Hunan was higher than the others.3) The yield and diosgenin content of underground stem were different with different age. In one plant, fresh weight of biomass in the second year was higher than that in the first year. With the increase of underground stem age, the diosgenin content increased. And the diosgenin yield in the second year was higher than that in the first year. In different plants, with the increase of underground stem age, the yield increased, and the diosgenin content descended, but the diosgenin yield increased.4) The yield and diosgenin content of underground stem were dif ferent at di fferent growing periods. As for the yield of underground stem, withering period was the highest and emergency period was the lowest. As for diosgenin content, emergecncy period was the highest and withering period was the lowest. The fairly harvesting time was at late withering period of plants.5) The yield and diosgenin content of underground stem were different in different propagation patterns. Both of plants in the stem propagation pattern were higher than that of plants in the seed propagation pattern. The correlation between diosgenin content of seed stems and secondary stems was notably positive. As for the seed propagation, plants separated seriously.6) In underground stem, with the increase of water content, diosgenin content increased.7) The diosgenin content of male plants was slightly higher than that of female plants.8) The diosgenin content of plants in colour leaf was slightly higher than that of plants in green leaf.9) Long vegetative growth duration influenced yield formation and diosgenin increase of underground stem10) Stems, leaves and fruits of plants contained a little diosgenin. The diosgenin content in leaves was higher than that of the oth... |
PDF Full Text Request