| The diversity of soil parent material types, soil types and vegetation types are analyzed with the landscape ecology methods. The results show that:The soil parent materials in Zhangye can be divided into 14 landscape elements, they are Q4eol,Q41, Q4pl, Q4al-pl, Q3pl, Q3al-pl, Q2pl, Q2al-pl, Q1pl, N1, K1,C3-P1,C2 and O3. Q3pl has the largest area (1650.47km2 ), it covers the 43.80% area, so it plays the role of matrix in the soil parent material landscape system, the others are the patches. The area of soil parent material in oder are: Q3pl, 1650.47 km2, 43.80%; K,, 603.68 km2, 16.02%; Q4pl, 457.97km2, 12.15%; Q/'"1, 288.46km2, 7.66%; Q4eo1, 166.54km2, 4.402%; Q4', 118.95km2, 3.16%; C2, 115.98km2, 3.08%; C3 -Ph 950.16km2, 2.53%; Q2ai'p\ 1.37km2, 1.89%; Nu 68.40km2, 1.82%; Qj^1", 41.63km2, 1.10%; O3, 38.66km2, 1.03%; Q2pl, 26.76km2, 0.71%; Q,"1, 23.79km2, 0.63%.The soil types in Zhangye are consisted of 11 landscape elements, that are oasis irrigative soil, wet soil, sand soil, desert grey soil, calcareous soil, grey calcareous soil, marsh soil, meadow soil, salt soil forest soil and sub-mountain meadow soil. The area of these 11 elements are 731.47km",95.73 km2, 390.28 km2, 1315.67 km2, 115.37 km2, 657.83, km2 98.2 km2, 304.37 km2 and103.09 km2 respectively. The desert grey soil covers 34.92%, 1315.67 km2. It is the matrix, the others are patches.The vegetation types in Zhangye are made of desert; cultivate vegetation, bare area, alpine meadow, mountain steppe, alpine steppe, alpine brush and coniferous forest, 8 landscape elements. The desert is matrix; it covers 59.17%, about 2229.27km2. The second one is the cultivate vegetation; it covers 28.41%, about 1070.44km2. The smallest one is alpine brush, it covers 0.87%, 2.74km2 From the result we can find that landscape vegetation types are different. Coniferous forest, alpine brush, steppe and desert are resource-environmental type. Meadow is survival type. Vegetation is introductive type, the bare areas is resource-environmental type.The soil parent landscape ecological system is made of 14 elements, and it has the biggest maximum landscape diversity (H max=1.1461). The vegetation landscape ecological system is made of 8 elements and has the lowest maximum landscape diversity (H nax^.9031) the soil landscape system is consisted of 11 elements; the maximum landscape diversity is in the middle of soil parent material and vegetation system (H max=l-0414).Soil parent amterisal has the biggest diversity index, both in diversity and in maximum diversity. (#max=1.1461, #=0.8109). While the vegetation type has the smallest index, both in maximum diversity and in diversity (H ,,^=0.9031, #=0.4860). Certainly, the soil landscape type is in the middle level. Now we can conclude that maximum diversity and diversity has the direct relation to the number of the elements.The total number of patches is 90, among which the soil parent material type is 28, the soil type is 46 and vegetation type is 16.There is a different changing trend among the patch number and maximum landscape diversity, landscape diversity and number of type elements. From this we can find that there is no close relation between landscape diversity and the number of patches.On the other hand, the diversity has the inverse ration to the disturbance from human being. The vegetation type has the smallest maximum landscape diversity and landscape diversity, and suffer the biggest human being disturbuance. The soil parent material has the biggest maximum landscape diversity and landscape diversity, but human being have a little effect on soil parent material. Compare with soil parent material and vegetation, the soil type have the mediate position.From the 3 landscape ecological system, the evenness of soil landscape system, soil parent material system and vegetation system are 65.12,53.50,40.0.5. The soil type has the highest evenness (?65.12), the next is soil parent material system, and the smallest one is the vegetation system. As a result of differen... |
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