A Study On The History Of Qingdao Early-Modern City Planning

Qingdao, which was a natural fishery village before, was developed into a "city" by Qing Government for the coast defense construction. Due to the introduction of city planning applied by German colonizer, the starting process of Qingdao from "village" to "city" was accelerated. The Qingdao city planning and construction in early-modern time had changed many times, and was dominated by different administrative bodies. At the same time, its city planning and construction proceeded independently from the other cities. Qingdao city had become a relatively big city with the characteristics of integrity and seaport features after fifty-eight years city planning and construction from 1891 to 1949.This paper discusses the three main historical stages and seven development phases of the Qingdao city planning development in early-modern time, and analyzes the content and characteristics of Qingdao city planning in each stage based on the rich and accurate historical material.The 1st stage: The formation of Qingdao early-modern city and city planning(1891-1914) .Phase 1: Establishment by Qing government, the defence planning, theconstruction of building and road (1891-1897). Phase 2: Occupation by Germany, theintroduction of early-modern city planning and the formation of colonialism city planning(1897-1914).The 2nd stage: The maturity of Qingdao early-modern city planning and the establishment of the city planning system (1914-1938).Phase 3: Occupation by Japan for the first time, the inheritance of the German city planning pattern and the activities of the expanding planning (1914-1922).Phase 4: Administration by Beiyang government, the continuation of the Germany-Japanese city planning and the establishment the city planning organization (1922-1929).Phase 5: Administration by Nanjing government, the prosperousness of the city planning and the establishment of the city planning system (1929-1938)The 3rd stage: Qingdao early-modern city planning in the war (1938-1949) Phase 6: Occupation by Japan for the second time, the development of regional planning and collapse of the colonialism city planning (1938-1945).Phase 7: Administration by Kuomintang government, the recovery of city construction and the stagnancy of the city planning (1945-1949).This thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. The main body of the thesis is from Chapter 2 to 6. In these chapters, the course, planning theory, and planning approach of Qingdao early-modern city planning is described, and the stage division of Qingdao city planning by history is confirmed, and then the content of Qingdao city planning in each stage is explained, at last the characteristics of Qingdao city planning is concluded. The Chapter 7 is the conclusion.