Study On The Polyurethane Foam Making By Vegetable Oil Polyols

The application of polyurethane foam is gradually extensive. Because the traditional polyether polyols are limited by the unrenewable of petroleum resource, the vegetable oil polyols were got more and more attention. So we choose the vegetable oleic acid which can not be eaten as the raw material, to synthesize vegetable oil polyols and use this to make polyurethane foams.This article first studied the technology of epoxidized vegetable oil. It researched the effect of many factors on the technology of epoxidized. The optimal technology is: soybean oil: H202: formic acid is 1:0.25:0.05 (w/w/w);the catalyst is sulphuric acid (0.1%～0.2%of soybean oil); the stabilizing agent is agent A (0.2%～0.3%of soybean oil), react in 55～60℃for 4 h, then washed and decompression distilled and dehydrate. The epoxy value of epoxy soybean oil is 6.5%, its acid value is less than 0.2 mgKOH/g,its iodine value is 5.5 gI/100g; the epoxy value of epoxy stearic acid is 2.56%.This article also studied the synthesis of vegetable oil polyols and the technology of foaming. It analyzed the effect of many kinds of factors on the performance of products. The raw material is epoxy stearic acid, selecting the special catalyst M which is 0.5% of all raw materials; based on epoxy stearic acid : glycerine =1: 1.8 (mole of ratio), the reaction was from 60℃to 230℃for 8 h, synthesized vegetable oleic acid polyol with the viscosity of 5200 mPa.s, the hydroxyl value is 450 mgKOH/g. The vegetable oleic acid polyol assemble material is consist of 60 part vegetable oleic acid polyol, 40 part polyether 4110 and other agents. The assemble material is mixed with MDI to make rigid foam. This foam can be used as general rigid foam. The foam of 90% vegetable oleic acid polyol can satisfy the request of QB/T 3806-1999《The rigid polyurethane foam used for heat insulation of building》.