Study Of The Ecological Water Demand In Main Upper Reaches Of Yellow River

With the rapid development of population and economy, water resource has been excessively exploited and the balance of ecosystem has been seriously changed and destroyed. The problem of water resource pollution and shortage is becoming more and more serious. The contradiction between exploitation water resource and environment is becoming more and more acute. Therefore we should study the ecological water requirement, consider the loading ability of water resource, probing into water resource's reasonable exploitation degree and configuration. And people's activity must be controlled to concern the loading ability of ecosystem, resource and environment. This work should be done without delay and it has attracted the domestic and international common focus. Systemic research in ecological water requirement inland is just in the start stage. The research in theory, method and application are still in the probing stage. Theory system and calculation method are still immature.Yellow River is the largest source of northwest and north china. It accounted for 2% of runoff of countrywide and assumed the task of water supply which is 15% of the nation's commitment to land,12% of the population and more than 50 large and medium-sized cities. At present, cascade hydropower station is being developed vigorously in the upper reaches of Yellow River, and water resource' development achieve an unprecedented level, which put forward baptism to the sustainable development of the ecosystem. In order to ensure the sustainable development of watershed, the environment and socio-economic development harmonically, it is necessary to study ecological water demand in the upper reaches of the Yellow Rive. The paper mainly investigated follow contents:(1) In this paper, Mothods on ecological water requirement are summarized, its practicability and existent problem are analyzed.(2) In summarizes in the domestic and foreign ecology water demand computational method foundation, has established the river ecology water demand computation model. (3) Calculation of ecological water demand for main upper reaches of Yellow River. The ecological water demand for upper reaches of Yellow River is divided into two parts, i.e. a part out of the river channel and a part in river channel. The ecological water demand in the river channel in upper reaches of Yellow River is divided into upper, maddle and lower, each part has calculated 4 hydrologic frequencies. Because deficiency outer river basic data, the paper only estimated ecological water demand outer river channel of Yellow River.(4) Study on the safeguard measures of ecological water demand on the Upper Yellow River. Such as: reasonable and scientific exploitation of cascade hydropower stations on the upstream of the Yellow River; actively implement water shift engineering etc.