Pollution And Source Identification Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Atmosphere Of Qingdao, China

The study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmosphere (PAHs) has been an important research subject. However, these researches are always focus on PAHs which absorbed on the aerosol, and the whole phase PAHs including gas phase and particulate phase has been paid less attention. In this thesis, we have researched Pollution and Source identification of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Atmosphere of Qingdao,mainsubjects is as follows:(1) The study on sampling and analysis of PAHs in atmosphere. The absorbing ability carbolic fabric, PUF and PUF+ XAD-2 was compared. Sampling efficiency of carbolic fabric was the worst, sampling resistance was strongest.The absorbing ability of XAD-2 resin was higher more than PUF for naphthalene, methylnaphlene, acenaphehene, fluorine, phenanthrene, Which has similar absorbing ability for fluoranthene and pyrene. The distribution of PAHs in PUF are trend to stick in the upper PUF layer as the molecular weight increase and the light PAHs are easy to get into the underside PUF layers.It was tested that the recoveries of 13 PAHs and 3 deuterated PAHs surrogate standards were more than 85% with a clean-up procedure using silica cartridges. And RSD% of the extraction recoveries of 3 surrogates are between 2.4% and 5.0%.(2) The study on PAHs pollution and change in Qingdao atmosphere. 51 PAHs compounds have been identified by gas chromatogram-mass spectrum (GC-MS) including 16 PAHs in EPA priority pollutants and some heterocyclic compounds which are carcinogenic. PAHs have evident seasonal distribution in Qingdao.The average concentration of 17 PAHs is 1227ng/m3, 396ng/m3, 174 ng/m3 and 133ng/m3 respectively. There is a good correlation between benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the particulate-phase PAHs same as SO2. Above all prove that BaP, SO2 and particulate-phase PAHs have similar pollution source.(3) The source indentification of PAHs in Qingdao atmosphere. PAHs source identification has been done by Factor analysis by selecting 21 variances including 17 PAHs compounds and SO2, NOx, CO, PM10. 5 factors has been worked out: Factor 1 , accounting for 44.2% of the total variance, represents coal combustion. Factor 2, accounting for 18.8% of total variance, represents vehicle emissions. Factor 4, accounting for 7.31% of total variance, is selected to represent diesel emissions. Factor 3 and 5, which are representative of others sources in Qingdao city, account for 10.2% and 5.6% respectively.(4) The study on pollution and source of PAHs in pine needle in Qingdao. Pine is a useful plant to monitor the PAHs in atmosphere. We collected pine needles from 6 areas in Qingdao. The concentration of PAHs in pine needles of Qingdao Mountain is the lowest, 7.54 ng?g-1wet weight. The Hisense cross-bridge and Hongxing chemical factory which represent the heavy traffic area and industry area have high concentration, 41.0 ng g-1 wet weight and 39.1 ng g-1 wet weight respectively. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions are virified main sources of PAHs by ratios of specific PAHs.