Studies On The Technology Of Extracting Dietary Fiber From Carrot Residue And Its Characteristics And Functions

ObjectiveStudies on the technology of extracting dietary fiber from carrot residue (CR) and its characteristics and functions were conducted, to provide the theoretical evidences for utilizing the carrot resource comprehensively and increasing the added value of the carrot deep-processing product. This study was also to provide the instruction for exploring the residue of fruits and vegetables.Methods1. Study on the technology of extracting soluble dietary fiber from carrot residue (CRSDF): In this procedure, water was used as solvent to extract CRSDF. To optimize the extracting technology, uniform design test was used with the four influence factors, the ratio of solvent to stuff, time, pH and temperature, each on six levels. The yield of CRSDF was used as the optimization index.2. Study on the technology of extracting insoluble dietary fiber from carrot residue (CRIDF): In this procedure, starch and protein in CR was removed by using amylase and protease respectively. To optimize the extraction technology, uniform design test was used with the four influence factors, the amount of enzyme, time, pH and temperature, each on six levels. The concentration of soluble glucose and amino acids-nitrogen were used as the optimization index respectively.3. Study on the physicochemical characteristics of CRIDF: The physicochemical characteristics of CRIDF were got through determining the swelling capacity (SWC), the water holding capacity (WHC), the water binding capacity (WBC), the cation exchanging capacity (CEC), the capacity of fat binding and the capacity of sodium cholate holding. 4. Study on the effect of CRDF on mice defecation function: The male ICR mice were interfered with CRSDF and CRIDF, both of which were set three different doses, the low dose, the middle dose and the high dose. The following four indexes, the weight of humid feces, the number of feces, the weight of dry feces and the percentage of water in feces, were determined to judge the defecation function of the CRDF on mice.5. Study on the effect of CRDF on mice enterocinesia function: The male ICR mice were interfered with CRSDF and CRIDF, both of which were set three different doses, the low dose, the middle dose and the high dose. With the constipation model created by Compound Diphenoxylate, the following four indexes, the time of the first defecation, the number of feces in 6 hours, the weight of feces in 6 hours and the percentage of ink-pushing in the small intestine, were determined to judge the enterocinesia function of the CRDF on mice .6. Study on the effect of CRDF on mice blood-fat: The male ICR mice were interfered with CRSDF and CRIDF, both of which were set three different doses, the low dose, the middle dose and the high dose. With the hyperlipemia model created by feeding fat-affluent animal feeds, the following five indexes, the serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, AI, were determined to judge the function of blood-fat adjusting of the CRDF on mice.Results1. The optimal parameters of extracting CRSDF was as follows: 60 minutes , the ratio of solvent to stuff was 40, pH 1.5 , and 80℃.Under this condition, the yield of CRSDF reached to 70 percent.2. The optimal condition of extracting CRSDF was as follow: for amylase, 60 minutes, 75℃, 0.60% amount of enzyme with the pH 7.0; and for protease, 60 minutes , 70℃, 0.30% amount of enzyme with the pH 7.0. 3. The physicochemical characteristics of CRIDF were as follows: the SWC was 5.3 mL/g,the WHC was 4.3 g/g,the WBC was 5.7g/g,the CEC was 0.76mmol/L,the capacity of fat binding was 3.2mL/g and the capacity of sodium cholate holding was 0.045g/g.4. The effect of the CRDF on mice defecation function: As compared to the control group, all the three dose of CRSDF and CRIDF can increase the weight of humid feces of mice (p﹤0.05, the same to the following);All the three dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can increase the number of feces of mice; High dose of CRSDF and all the three dose of CRIDF can increase the weight of dry feces of mice; Both middle and high dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can increase the percent of water in feces of mice. All of the above results illustrate that CRDF is good for the function of defecation.5. The effect of the CRDF on mice enterocinesia function: As compared to the model group, high dose of CRSDF and both middle and high dose of CRIDF can cut short the time of the first defecation and increase the percentage of ink-pushing in the small intestine of costive mice (p﹤0.05,the same to the follow); Both middle and high dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can increase the number of feces in 6 hours of costive mice; Both low and high dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can increase the weight of feces in 6 hours of costive mice. All of the above results illustrate that CRDF is good for the function of enterocinesia.6. The effect of CRDF on the blood-fat of mice: As compared to the model group, both middle and high dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can decrease the serum TC; high dose of CRSDF and both middle and high dose of CRIDF can decrease the serum TG; high dose of CRSDF can increase the HDL-C; middle dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can decrease the LDL-C; both middle and high dose of CRSDF and high dose of CRIDF can decrease the AI. All of the above results illustrate that CRSDF has good function on blood-fat adjusting, and the effect of CRIDF to adjust blood-fat is a little worse than CRSDF. Conclusion The approach of extracting dietary fiber from carrot residue (CRDF) used in this paper is a simple technology, with which can gain a considerable yield of CRDF. Moreover, the CRDF extracted by this approach has fine physicochemical characteristics and good function of defecating feces and adjusting blood-fat. Therefore, extracting CRDF has great development and utilization prospects.