Effects Of Cadmium On The Activity Of ATPase And Other Molecular Ecotoxicology Indexes In Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus)

The effects of differ cadmium concentration on the activity of Na+/K+ -ATPase , Ca2 + - ATPase and SOD from the gill, liver and brain of Ctenopharyngodon idellus were investigated. The variety of the activity of Na+/K+ -ATPase , Ca2+-ATPase and SOD by increase calcium concentration in the water, and the effects of Cd2+, estradiol-17 β and Ca2+ on the lymphocyte proliferation from blood and head kidney of Ctenopharyngodon idellus were also investigated the significance of this paper is that to research the toxicity of cadmium to the fish and to search the mechanism of the cadmium toxicity to the fish.and the protection of calcium on Cd2+ toxicity.One group (the soft water group) of fish were exposed to the Cd2+ concentration of 0.00 mg/L 0.06 mg/L 0.30 mg/L1.50 mg/L, the other group(the hard water group) were exposed to the same Cd2+ concentration but increase the hardness of water to 16 degree (germany degree) by add calcium chloride into the solution. The results showed in the soft water group of 1.50 mg/L Cd2+ concentration, the fish were get serins contaminated and 33% fish were died, the others were also get contaminated but no fish died.on the 1st day ,the 4th day and the 7th day, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase , Ca2+-ATPase and SOD were tested, the results showed that the activity of Na+/K+ -ATPase of the fish exposed to the lower Cd2+ group ,there were no distinctive change and exposed to the higher Cd2+concentration ,the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase of gill, liver and brain decreased significantly from time l-7day. However,in hard water treated,the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase increased in all issues,in which the gill showed the most obvious,next was brain and then the liver. Only in higher concentration afer adding to Calcium, the liver Na+/K+ -ATPase was induced significantly.The similar effect of cadmium on the activity of Ca2+-ATPase, namely,like Na+/K+-ATPase ,only in higer Cd2+ concentrations,the acitivity was restrained remarkablely.when exposed in hard water group, the Ca +-ATPase activities were induced in all concentrations and tissues.especially in higher Cd2+ concentration ,the Ca2+-ATPase activity increased even more significantly than Na+/K+ -ATPase.The activity of SOD of the gill was restrained more and more by Cd2+ concentration from 0-1.50mg/L and from time 1-7 day, and the activity of SOD of the liver was also restrained by 1.50mg/L Cd2+concentration ,but increased by the lower Cd2+ concentration, in the hard water group the activity of SOD increased especially in the higher Cd2+ concentration group.Both Cd2+ and E2 had great effect on the Lymphocyte Proliferation of blood and head kidney. Lymphocyte Proliferation were induced in lower concentrations, contrarily, which was refained greatly when in 8.0 M treated in both Cd2+ and E2. When heightening the concentration of Ca2+, Lymphocyte Proliferation in head kidney increased remarkablely. All results indicated that Cd2+ had obvious harm to the enzymes. The endogenous protective system could be induced in refained degree under the press, however,which came to weakening along with the aggravation of cadmium,adding to extrinsic calcium could enhance the activities of SOD and ATPase properly,so protecting the damage of cadmium to the fish.