Extraction And Analytic Studies On The Chemical Constituents Of Dendrobium Moniliforme(L.) And Propolis

Dendrobium moniliforme(L.) is one of the valuable materials of the medicinal values of the Dendrobium which regarded as a kind of the rare Chinese traditional medicines. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that Dendrobium have many medicinal efficacies such as benefiting stomach, promoting immune function, antitumour activity and so on. Recently, the studies and applications of the Dendrobium are of great interests in the field. Because that D. moniliforme has higher contents of active ingredients such as alkaloids and polysaccharides, the studies of its constituents are of great theoretic and practical significance.In the first chapter of this thesis, the advances in the research on the extraction, separation and analysis of the Chinese traditional medicines are summarized, and the progresses of the study of the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the medicinal values of Dendrobium are also reviewed.In the second chapter, the comparative studies of several extractive methods are reported. The results show that those four extractive methods in their efficient order are soaking for 24h added low frequency ultrasonic irradiated extracting for 30min,Soxhlet extracting for 4h, low frequency ultrasonic irradiated extracting for 30min, soaking for 24h, respectively. The results also show that low frequency ultrasonic irradiated extraction has high efficiency. Besides, the effects of different frequency and operating time of the ultrasound to the extractions are discussed here. It is the best to select the one which applying low frequency ultrasonic irradiated extracting for 30min when several extractive methods can be afforded.In the third chapter, the chemical components with low polarity in the different extracts of the D.moniliforme are investigated. Firstly, the petroleum ether extractive solutions of D.moniliforme and D.candidum are compared by the TLC and HPLC techniques. The results show that the chemical components in the petroleum ether extractive solution of D.moniliforme are more than that of D.candidum, and that there are at least four components just as the same in the two solutions. That must be helpful to the further study of the two medicinal plants. In addition, the chemical constituents with low polarity in the different extracts of D.moniliforme are investigated by. the GC/MS techniques, and then the structures of the seven components are fundamentally confirmed. Several components among them belong toterpenoids compound and all of them are identified to be the ones that have not been reported from the Dendrobium.In the forth chapter the separations the alkaloids components of the D.moniliforme are reported. The total crude alkaloidal fraction with the solvent property in some acyclic organic solvents is subjected to an Al2O3 (neutral) column chromatography eluted by CH3C1/CH3OH=4/1. Then a colorless acerate solid is afforded when the eluted fraction condensed. The separated compound is fundamentally established as the cholest-2-eno [2,3,b] indole-type alkaloid from the spectral evidences. Furthermore the total crude alkaloidal fraction with hydroxybenzene property is subjected to an Al2O3 (neutral) column chromatography eluted by CH3C1/CH3OH=4/1. Then a liquid with deep brown is afforded. The further researches for the liquid have not been done because it has no reactivity with the Dragendroff reagent.In the end of this thesis, capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were carried out to separate and identify the volatile chemical components. More than 34 compounds were separated from the Propolis solutions, and 30 of them, including 7 sesquiterpenes, 5 flavonoids, 4 esters, 5 acids, 5 alcoholates, 4 others, have been identified. The results show that Propolis are composed of many complicated components, and that the sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, esters together with acids are of the main components.