The Study On The Butterfly Community Ecology In The Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve

From April to September 2009, to investigate the butterfly diversity in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve, We selected three line-transect. A total of 1669 butterfly individuals were collected, belongs to 9 families, 35 genera and 47 species. Of these, the dominant species were Pieris canidia,Pieris rapae,Pieris melete,Acraea issoria, while common species were Papilio xuthus,Papilio sarpedon,Lethe syrcis. The species in Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae families were the most, and they are the dominant species. Of the 47 species, 25 species were in east asia, accounted for 53.2% of the total; 3 species were in age-north, accounted for 6.38% of the total. 15 species were both in east asia and age-north, accounted for 31.91% of the total. 4 species were widely distributed over the study area, accounted for 8.51%. Fauna analysis showed that the main elements of the fauna in this region are Oriental. Chongqing Municipality is in the west of China, semitropical range, the distribution of butterfly reflected the zoology-geography characteristic.Recent studies indicate that the primory factors which impact butterfly distribution are environmental heterogeneity, vegetation cover, temperature and human disturbance. The temperature range is 16-34℃in which butterfly can survive, and 23-34℃in which butterfly is the most active. The butterfly species and numbers are more with higher temperature in this temperature range. The diversity indices of different months were analysed, and the results showed that the butterfly community diversity index increases progressively from May to August, and drops little in September, Which was impacted immediacy by the temperature.Environmental heterogeneity and vegetation cover the crucial factors affecting the diversity of butterflies. The higher degree of environmental heterogeneity and vegetation cover means the more microhabitat and mocroclimate, which can provide a more diverse habitat for the butterflies, and its species and numbers will increase. The diversity indices of butterfly communities in different habitats were analysed, and the results showed that the distribution of butterfly was impacted by the vegetation forms which is the direct and dominant factor. The microhabitat as forest litter,stream etc. had a positive effect on the distribution of butterfly.This paper analyzes the survey data which is the butterfly resource of Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve during 1998-2007, this investigation in 2009 is the extension of the past study. From 1998 to 2009, in the five years, a total of 2190 butterfly individuals were collected, belonging to 10 families 48 genera 77 species. A total of 169 butterfly individuals were collected in 1998, belonging to 8 families, 25 genera and 39 species. A total of 92 butterfly individuals were collected in 1999, belonging to 7 families, 20 genera and 29 species. A total of 120 butterfly individuals were collected in 2000, belonging to 7 families, 22 genera and 33 species. A total of 140 butterfly individuals were collected in 2007, belonging to 6 families, 17 genera and 26 species. A total of 1669 butterfly individuals were collected in 2009, belonging to 9 families, 35 genera and 47 species.The data of different years were comparative analysed, and the results showed that the dominant species are Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae families, and the main elements of the fauna in different years are all Oriental. Diversity indices of butterfly community in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve was analysed by one-way ANOVA, and the results showed that the diversity indices of butterfly community changed little in past ten years. In a dynamic landscape, habitat quality and landscape structure are the important factors affecting species diversity. The rate of chang in landscape structure can be even more important than the degree of patch isolation in determing population survival and abundance. In the past ten years, various measures were carried out to protect the forest ecosystem in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve. The habitat quality and landscape structure changed little. That's the reason that the structure of butterfly community in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve was relatively stable.