| Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Chinese traditional medicine, mainly distributed in China. In order to obtain the essential information of the genetic diversity of R. glutinosa and find the area where wild R. glutinosa exists, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity within and among 14 natural and 1 cultural populations, in addition to 5 populations of closely related species of Rehmannia, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA markers. The results are as follows:The level of genetic diversity of R. glutinosa is relatively low. A total of 12 primers were selected, which produced 227 bands in all the 225 individuals of 15 R. glutinosa populations tested. At population level, the average percentage of polymorphic loci(40.53%), the average Nei's genetic diversity (0.1253) were lower than that of narrow distributed, cross pollinated, short-lived perennial and dicotyledonous speices. Relatively low genetic variation was due to the life history patterns of R. glutinosa, especially the breeding sysytem.Most variation of R. glutinosa was found within(57.37%) rather than among populations as be estimated by AMOVA analysis. The gene differentiation (GST=0.3978) also shows the same situation. Long cultural history, escape and, to a lesser extent, restricted gene flow (Nm=0.3784) were proposed to be the determinant factors responsible for the low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation observed. Mantel test indicated no relationship between differentiation and geographical distance in R. glutinosa. These results interpreted that life history patterns and long cultural procession might have played critical roles in the genetic structure construction of R. glutinosa.Genetic diversity and UPGMA analysis implied that wild population of R. glutinosa might be the population from SQ. That is to say, Shangqiu, the location in Henan Province, may exist wild Chinese foxglove.
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