Thermodynamic Properties Of Superconducting Nano-particles

In 1937 years, Frohlich had researched the quantum size effect (QSE) of nano-particles. He applied the Sommerfeld-Bloch free electron model of macroscopical sample to nano-particles,then modified the specific heat of electrons. In 1956 years, Kubo presented his theory aiming at level station distribution of nano-particles Fermi surface electron, and thought that at low temperature electron levels of single particle near Fermi surface is equal level. In 1986 years Halperin gave a full summary about the theory,and utilized the theory to give a deeply analysis about the quantum effect of nano-particles.In this thesis, we use the Random-Matrix-Theory and Static Path Approximation,(1) We calculate the heat capacity of small superconducting nano-particles at the transition temperature;(2) We analyse the influence of magnetic field on the heat capacity of small superconducting nano-particles;Drawing the following conclusions:(1) Nano-particles have even or odd number of electrons .which isvery different from the bulk sample (δ|- = 0)in essence. For the heatcapacity of BCS of nano-particles, there is mutation at the transition temperature,which is same to the bulk sample .But in the case of different spin,the value of mutation is quite different At the low temperature,the law of the heat capacity variation depends on the parity of nano-particles .After the transition temperature, heat capacity of nano-particles tends to normal particle. With the size of...