| Part One:Research on the Standardized Construction Method of Respiratory Disease BiobankBackground:Clinical biological samples are the basis of research on respiratory diseases.The development of biobanks will promote the research of diseases and the transformation of clinical results.Effective sharing of biological samples and data resources is critical to improving research efficiency.However,the lack of standardized procedures for different researchers and technicians,especially among different regions and medical institutions,inconsistent sample collection,processing and storage may hinder the conduct of large-scale,multicenter clinical trials or epidemiological investigations.Improper handling will lead to uneven sample quality,chaotic sample storage,errors in information management,etc.,resulting in the loss of availability of valuable samples and causing a lot of waste of resources.Objectives:This study aimed to develop standardized standard operating procedures and practices for the collection,preparation,and storage of respiratory disease biological samples.To confirm the methodology of biological sample and information collection and preparation process,and develop sample quality control process and method.And to establish a large-scale respiratory disease biobank and provide valuable sample resources for scientific research.Methods:Through the National Clinical Center,National Medical Center,and State Key Laboratory,expert teams from clinical medicine,basic research,scientific research management departments,clinical laboratory technology,pathological diagnosis,big data department,biological sample bank,etc.were recruited to write and prepare standards Work.Combined with the characteristics of respiratory diseases,we formulated a quality management system for the standardized construction of respiratory disease biobanks,and used methodological verification to determine the standard operating procedures for respiratory characteristic samples.Based on the above standard operating procedures,samples and information were collected from patients with respiratory diseases.From 2020 to 2023,we collected,processed and stored samples from outpatients or inpatients in the Department of Respiratory of***Hospital,and established a physical biobank of respiratory disease biological samples.We tested the concentration and purity of DNA and RNA on the whole blood and tissue samples collected from the biobank from 2020 to 2022,and conducted quality testing on induced sputum,alveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells,as well as data screening.A total of 5 internal audits were conducted in April,October 2021 and March,April,and December 2022.The pass rate of sample quality control was counted by percentage,and the sample quality stability was evaluated by coefficient of variation.Results:1.This study preliminarily formulated a set of respiratory disease biological sample management system,42 management program files,63 standard operating procedures for sample collection and preparation and storage,and 108 record form templates,covering the standard operating procedures of whole blood,induced sputum,alveolar lavage fluid,nasal/pharyngeal swabs/anal swabs,urine/feces,and tissue.2.We have established a standardized management of respiratory disease biobank.A total of more than 1.28 million biological samples of 320,000 patients with respiratory diseases were stored and managed,including respiratory infections(30%),asthma(24%),lung tumors(21%),COPD(13%)and other diseases.The most preserved sample type is serum(40%),followed by plasma(22%),blood cells accounted for 9%,whole blood accounted for 8%,urine and sputum each accounted for 4%.3.The biobank has passed the ISO 20387 general standard for biobank,and has passed the National Human Genetic Resources Sample Preservation approval.The biobank was qualified to store data of 1 million cases and preserve 10 million samples.4.We conducted methodological verification of the processing flow of a new PBMC.By observing the same operator correctly performing the two methods,it was found that the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by the two methods were above 85%,and CV value(%)was less than 5.07%.Both methods could obtain acceptable results.We also conducted methodological confirmation tests on respiratory characteristic samples of sputum.142 sputum samples were collected and prepared according to standard operating procedures.After calculation,the mean proportion of squamous cells was 12.66%,and the mean survival rate of cells was 89.00%.After comparing the quality control index with the standard range,it was found that the collection and processing process of sputum samples could ensure good quality of samples,and within the standard range.5.Starting from 2021,we have participated in third-party quality control and external quality assessment activities every year.In 2021,we sent 10 whole blood samples to the third party for DNA quality testing,and 10 white blood cell samples for RNA quality testing.Among them,the pass rate of DNA test was 100%;the pass rate of RNA test was 40%,and there was one case The RIN value of the sample is low.The pass rate of the external quality assessment was 75%.In 2022,we also sent 10 whole blood samples and 10 white blood cell samples for inspection.The pass rate of DNA test was 100%,and the pass rate of RNA test was 90%,which was improved.The pass rate of the external quality assessment activities in 2022 was 100%.In 2021 and 2022,we randomly selected samples from the bank,including whole blood(90%vs.100%pass rate),PBMC(63.33%vs.85.71%pass rate),sputum(80%vs.88%pass rate),and alveolar lavage fluid(96.47%vs.100%pass rate).The pass rate of sample quality control was on the rise.The preparation quality and storage quality of various biological samples were monitored every year,and possible problems in the operation process were discovered in time and corrected in time.6.Since the operation of the quality management system,we have carried out more than 40 trainings with 407 people trained.From December 2020 to February 2023,a total of 24,772 biological samples were sent out for scientific research,with a total delivery rate of 0.18%.Among them,serum was the largest type of samples,a total of 10991 samples,accounting for 44.37%of the total quantity.Conclusion:In this study,the management system of biological samples for respiratory diseases and the standard operating procedures for sample collection,processing and storage were preliminarily established,which could guide the standardization construction of biobank.We have established a mass respiratory disease biobank with 320,000 cases of respiratory disease and more than 1.28 million cases,providing high quality biological samples and information resources for clinical and scientific research of respiratory diseases.It has been approved by ISO 20387 and approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology for the preservation of human genetic resources.We also passed internal quality testing and third-party sample quality testing for two consecutive years,as well as the quality assessment of sample quality control room,which objectively proved that the standards and specifications formulated by us were qualified and reasonable.Part Two:Construction and Application of Resource Sharing Platform of Respiratory Disease BiobankBackground:Due to the lack of unified operating procedures and research information,sample and information islands are formed among biobanks in China.Many important sample and data are difficult to be integrated and shared in a timely manner,which limits researchers’ cooperation and innovation.And the lack of effective application sharing mechanism and resource sharing platform among biobanks,the value of samples cannot be fully realized.Objectives:This study aims to establish a resource sharing platform of respiratory disease biobank,and build a comprehensive resource sharing and management system.To support the needs of public scientific research and improve the utilization of samples,and promote the transformation and output of respiratory disease research results.At the same time,it will be the foundation for multi-center epidemiological investigation and risk factor study of respiratory allergic diseases.Methods:Based on the foundation of the first part,this study designed the functional structure of the national multi-center biobank sharing platform,and customized the management system of the respiratory disease biobank resource sharing platform.From January 2020 to March 2023,we included 46 hospitals across the country,including Ruijin Hospital Affiliated and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,and other hospitals.They were distributed in 16 provinces and cities across the country.Collect clinical data and biological samples of patients with respiratory diseases,established a standardized biobank resource sharing platform,and formulated a resource sharing mechanism.Results:1.This study established a resource sharing platform for respiratory disease biobanks.As of March 2023,the shared platform has included 46 cooperative units across the country.We have signed a cooperation agreement to jointly build a resource sharing platform and collect respiratory disease case data and biological samples2.We recorded and published the "Respiratory Disease Biobank Standardized Management and Standard Operation Training Video Collection",including videos related to the introduction and management of respiratory disease biobank,videos related to information management of biobank,and videos related to biological sample processing three parts,19 training videos in total.3.By now,the sharing platform has collected a total of 38,000 respiratory disease cases and 260,000 samples from cooperative units that can be shared.Most of the disease types were asthma and allergic and immune diseases(52%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(34%),respiratory system infectious diseases(6%),and lung tumors(3%).The most common sample type was serum(67%),followed by plasma(15%),whole blood 7%,DNA 4%.4.Through the shared resources provided by the platform,14 times of scientific research cooperation and sharing have been realized.20,000 biological samples from more than 8,000 patients were shared.The projects applying for resource cooperation included the research project on the correlation between the expression of peripheral blood exosome markers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the drug companion diagnosis and prognosis observation,the clinical significance analysis of FAP in pulmonary fibrosis and the screening and application research of targeted drugs,House dust mite genome and transcriptomic research and development and industrialization of house dust mite component allergen diagnostic reagents,CXCL 9/10/11 mechanism of action in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cooperation in research on methylation susceptibility to lung cancer,molecular typing of respiratory diseases(COPD)based on omics profile,etc.It mainly included biological samples of asthma,allergic diseases,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,interstitial pneumonia,pulmonary hypertension and lung cancer.The types of samples shared in cooperation were mainly serum,plasma,whole blood and other samples.Conclusion:According to the standard operating procedures and construction management specifications of the biological sample bank,we built a respiratory disease biological sample resource sharing platform website.46 medical institutions across the country were included to jointly build the resource sharing platform,which collected and stored more than 38,000 sharable respiratory disease case data and more than 260,000 samples.This study established the sharing mechanism of biobank resource,and carried out more than ten exemplary multi center scientific research cooperations.It established an effective and available resource sharing platform for effectively promoting national multi-center respiratory disease joint projects and research.Demonstration studies of the biobank resource sharing platformPart Three:Construction of national multi-center allergic disease biobank and epidemiological analysis of distribution of allergens in seven geographical regionsBackground:In the past few decades,the incidence of allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide.Study on the distribution of allergens is crucial for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.The establishment of a biobank for allergic diseases,especially a multi-center cooperative biobank,will be a valuable resource in the future.This study will establish a biobank for allergic diseases and carry out a multi-center cross-sectional study on the basis of the first and second parts.Moveover the researches on the epidemiological distribution of allergens and sensitization patterns among allergic patients in the seven major geographical regions in China are not deep enough currently.The types of allergens included in the analysis were also limited.There is a lack of evidence for the allergen screening and selection panel for the seven geographical regions.Objectives:The aims of this study are to establish a multi-center biobank for allergic diseases,and to conduct research on the epidemiology of allergens and the risk prediction of allergic diseases.To explore the distribution pattern and sensitization mode of allergens in China,and formulate optimal allergen screening strategies for different regions.In addition,this study also aims to investigate the risk factors of allergic rhinitis and asthma patients and to provide support for the establishment of a robust and reliable risk prediction model for allergic diseases.Methods:This study was a national,multi-center epidemiological survey conducted in 25 hospitals simultaneously.Allergic rhinitis or asthma patients in outpatient and inpatient departments of pediatrics,ENT,respiratory and allergy departments of 25 hospitals including Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2020 to December 2022 were included.Inclusion criteria:1.3 years old or above;2.Patients with a clear diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma,the diagnosis of asthma was based on the GINA guidelines,and the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was based on the ARRIA guidelines;3.Able to complete the research requirements;4.Patients who have not received allergen immunotherapy at present or pass;5.Patients who have no serious skin damage or recent medication,which could affect the results of skin prick test;6.No serious respiratory diseases,immunodeficiency disease,cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases;7.Patients/children’s guardians could fully understand the purpose of this study and sign a written informed consent.4243 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were included in this study.Questionnaires,clinical data,and ancillary examination data were collected for all patients.We detected 31 allergens and related biomarkers in patient sera for further analysis of disease risk factors.For the analysis of allergen distribution maps in different geographical regions of China,latent class analysis and upset plots were used to explore the patterns and characteristics of allergen sensitization.We analyzed optimal allergy screening strategies by combination of allergens in different regions.Results:1.We have established a biobank of allergic diseases covering 17 provinces and cities across the country,including 25 hospitals.The biological samples,clinical information,questionnaire data,and examination data of 4647 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma respiratory allergic diseases were collected.A total of 39,441 samples were collected and preserved in this project,and the sample types include whole blood,plasma,blood cells,and serum.2.In the epidemiological study of allergens in allergic diseases,a total of 4243 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were included,including 3246 patients with allergic rhinitis(76.50%),2043 patients with asthma(48.15%);2123 women(50.03%),male 2120(49.96%);the median age(first quartile,third quartile)of patients was 18(7～37)years old.The results of allergen testing showed that 77.76%of the patients were positive for at least one allergen.665 patients were enrolled in North China,195 in Northeast China,539 in East China,821 in South China,181 in Central China,1305 in Northwest China and 537 in Southwest China.Among all allergic patients,the positive rate of allergens exceeding 10%were house dust mite(31.75%),dust mite(30.31%),mugwort(26.70%),French chrysanthemum(26.63%),dandelion(17.77%),quinoa(17.42%)and ragweed(16.92%),elm pollen(16.43%),poplar pollen(15.70%),cat dander(14.90%),German cockroach(14.54%),bermudagrass(14.45%),sycamore tree pollen(14.09%),plantain(12.37%),birch tree pollen(12.11%),firecracker willow pollen(11.41%),Brassica napus(10.11%).3.We also analyzed the best screening kits for allergens in different regions.The best 5 allergen combination in Southwest,South China,Northeast China,Central China,and East China can detect more than 90%of allergic patients:in Southwest China were house dust mite(47.86%),German cockroach(17.88%),cat dander(13.97%),French chrysanthemum(12.10%)and birch(10.99%)set;South China were house dust mite(46.65%),German cockroach(18.76%),cat dander(7.19%),egg white(5.97%)and French chrysanthemum(4.38%)set;Northeast used mugwort(29.74%),birch tree pollen(18.46%),ragweed(14.87%),Bermudagrass(10.26%)and Brassica napus(7.69%);Central China were sycamore pollen(30.39%),House dust mite(22.10%),mugwort(19.34%),French chrysanthemum(14.92%)and cat Fur dander(14.36%)set;but East China used house dust mite(38.78%),French chrysanthemum(13.73%),mugwort(10.95%),German cockroach(9.28%)and egg white(8.53%)set can only detect 87%of allergic patients;Northwest used French chrysanthemum(40.00%),mugwort(39.08%),dandelion(28.66%),quinoa(26.82%),plantain(22.76%)allergen group can only find out 79%of the allergic patients;in North China,using allergens of mugwort(43.91%),French chrysanthemum(35.19%),elm pollen(32.03%),ragweed(30.38%),and poplar pollen(27.67%)could find oud 80%of allergic patients.East China needed to add 3 allergens(dandelion,elm pollen,cat dander),North China(house dust mite,firecracker willow,cypress,sycamore,birch,wheat)and Northwest(Timothy grass,birch,sycamore,wheat,house dust mite,cat hair)area needed to add 6 kinds of pollen allergens to make the positive rate of detection up to 90%.4.The results of epidemiological analysis showed that the distribution of allergens in the seven geographical regions of China can be divided into three clusters.Among them,the allergens in North China and Northwest China are mainly mugwort,French chrysanthemum,dandelion,ragweed,elm and other pollen allergens;the allergens in South China,East China and Southwest China are mainly house dust mite and dust mite and cockroaches and other allergens;Northeast and central China are mainly allergic to house dust mite,dust mite,sycamore tree,birch,mugwort and other pollens.5.Cluster analysis plot of allergens shown that house dust mite and dust mite were in one cluster,mugwort and chrysanthemum were in one cluster,dandelion,quinoa and ragweed were in one cluster,elm tree pollen and poplar pollen were in one cluster,cat dander,bermudagrass and birch tree were in one cluster,the cockroach and plane tree were in one cluster,and plantain,firecracker willow and Brassica napus were clustered into one cluster,respectively.Conclusion:We have established a resource sharing platform for allergic disease biobanks covering 17 provinces and cities across the country,and carried out epidemiological investigations of allergens and research on risk factors.We found that the distribution of allergens in seven geographical divisions could be divided into three major clusters.Among them,the allergens in North China and Northwest China are mainly mugwort,French chrysanthemum,dandelion,ragweed,elm and other pollen allergens;the allergens in South China,East China and Southwest China are mainly house dust mite and dust mite and cockroaches and other allergens;Northeast and central China are mainly allergic to house dust mite,dust mite,sycamore tree,birch,mugwort and other pollens.In northern and northwest regions,11 allergens were needed to screen out more than 90%of allergic patients,while in other areas,only 5～8 allergens were needed to screen out 90%of allergic patients,which will effectively improve regional Accuracy and reduced economic cost of allergen screening.Part Four:Study on allergen sensitization patterns and risk factors of allergic diseasesBackground:Previous studies have found that the allergen sensitization patterns of allergic diseases in China are highly complex,which may be caused by significant regional differences in allergen distribution and population susceptibility.Few studies have comprehensively investigated the relationship between sensitization patterns of common allergens and different clinical symptoms in China.There are few studies on the risk prediction models for allergic diseases to predict allergic diseases and conduct pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP).We further studied the allergenic patterns and risk factors for allergic diseases.To explore the relationship between allergens and allergic diseases,as well as the risk prediction models for allergic diseases.Objectives:Through this large-scale epidemiological survey,this study intends to explore the potential sensitization patterns of common allergens in mainland China and analyze their relationship with various clinical symptoms.To develop and validate an effective clinical model to identify candidates for allergic disease PrEP by establishing a robust and good allergic disease risk prediction model through routine medical questionnaires.Methods:This study screened patients from the third part of the national,multi-center epidemiological survey research project.Analyzed the data of patient’s questionnaire,allergen SPT,allergen sIgE,blood cell count,FeNO,lung function and other test.LCA model was used to draw allergen sensitization pattern curve according to allergen specific sensitization characteristics and minimum BIC standard.In addition,we randomly selected 587 patients as the development dataset to build the predictive model,147 patients as the internal validation dataset to verify the model stability,and 143 patients as the external validation dataset to evaluate the model’s broad applicability ability.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator LASSO regression model with 10-fold cross-validation to select enough potential predictors and exclude unimportant predictors,and finally selected the best variables for the risk prediction model to establish pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)for allergic diseases risk prediction model for PrEP candidates.Results:1.In this study,four allergen sensitization pattern curves were determined by the LCA model.Class 1 was defined as "house dust mite sensitization group",which was characterized by a significantly high sensitization rate of house dust mite,while the sensitization rates to other allergens were very low.Class 2 was defined as "low pollen sensitization group",which was characterized by multiple pollen sensitization,but the sensitization rates of pollen allergens were low.Class 3 was labeled as the"medium pollen sensitization group" because this group had higher pollen allergens sensitization rates than Class 2.Class 4 was a visible "high pollen sensitization group",which described a higher probability of sensitization to most pollens.2.The house dust mite sensitization group(Class 1)is mainly distributed in southern and eastern China.In contrast,the low-pollen and medium-pollen sensitization group(Class 2 and class 3)was common in northwest China.Our model identified a small number of patients in the high pollen sensitization group(Class 4),mainly concentrated in northern China.3.Compared with the house dust mite sensitized population in Class 1,in the case of controlling other confounding factors,the Class 3 moderate pollen sensitized group(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.04-4.17)and the Class 4 high pollen sensitized group(OR=5.07,95%CI:1.17-21.93)had higher OR values for allergic rhinitis.Likewise,significant increases in the OR for allergic conjunctivitis were observed in Class 3(OR=2.17)and Class 4(OR=2.03)compared with Class 1.In this study,we further combined Class 2,Class 3,and Class 4 as pollen-sensitizing clusters to compare the risk of various clinical symptoms with Class 1.After adjusting for age,smoking exposure,habitual residence,ethnicity,and region,allergic conjunctivitis(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.18-2.06)and atopic dermatitis(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.09-1.88)OR values in pollen-sensitizing clusters were higher than Class 1.In addition,the results show that the OR calculated by the BCH method were similar to the corresponding results reported by the logistic regression model,which further confirmed that our research results were stable and reliable.4.In our allergic rhinitis risk prediction model,we included a total of 877 rhinitis patients,71.3%of the patients were positive for at least one allergen,and 52.5%of the patients were positive for at least one outdoor allergen.We established a risk prediction model for allergic rhinitis by simple questionnaire and clinical information risk predictors.Model 1 was used to predict allergic rhinitis PrEP candidates who were sensitized to at least one allergen.The predictors were:gender,race,allergic symptoms,mattress use,city,sneezing severity,nasal itching severity,rhinitis,severity of nasal discharge,and severity of impact on work or school;Model 2 were used to predict allergic rhinitis PrEP candidates who were sensitized to outdoor pollen allergens,predictors were:age,race,allergic symptoms,city,sneezing,severity of nasal itching,severity of nasal itching,and severity of the impact on work or study.These two models enabled easier and more effective identification of allergic rhinitis PrEP candidates.The area under the curve for both models was about 0.7 in the development and internal validation datasets(model 1:AUC=0.69,95%CI:0.64-0.73;model 2:AUC=0.71,95%CI:0.67-0.75).Furthermore,our results found good agreements between the calibration curves of the two models.Conclusion:Using LCA analysis,we found that the patterns of allergen sensitization varied greatly across regions.House dust mite sensitization group was more common in South and East China,low pollen sensitization group was more common in north and west China,and moderate and high pollen sensitization patterns were more common in northwest and north China.Compared with the house dust mite sensitization group,patients in the moderate pollen sensitization group and high pollen sensitization group had higher risk values for allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis.Our allergic rhinitis risk prediction model could serve as a potential automated screening tool to help identify PrEP candidates for allergic rhinitis and provide a good predictive tool for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Part Five:CCD inhibition test Can improve the accuracy of the detection of pollen and seed food allergen-sIgE in southern ChinaBackground:Pollen allergens are important inhalant allergens causing respiratory allergic diseases,especially seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma.Since many pollen allergens have carbohydrate epitopes,the detection is often interfered by carbohydrate cross-reactive Carbohydrate Determinant(CCD),causing false positive reactions.According to the results of the third and fourth parts,we found that pollen allergens also caused a small amount of sensitivities in southern China,but the patients lacked of clinical symptoms of seasonal allergies and were mostly perennial allergies.Therefore,we carried out the fifth part of the study to explore the relationship between carbohydrate cross-reactivity determinant(CCD)and plant allergens sIgE in southern China.And to find whether CCD inhibition test can improve the accuracy of in vitro diagnosis of plant allergens in southern China.Objectives:This study aimed to investigate whether pollen allergens were real allergy in southern China patients or false positive reactions caused by cross-reactions by using the CCD inhibition test.Methods:Patients with pollen sIgE sensitization were selected.EUROBlotMaster system was used to detect sIgE of mugwort,tree mixed pollen(willow/poplar/elm),ragweed,humulus,peanut,soybean and CCD.Thirteen CCD-sIgE negative patients and 33 CCD-sIgE positive patients’ sera were suppressed with CCD inhibitors to analyze whether the sIgE of plant allergens was inhibited by CCD.Results:1.170 cases were positive for plant allergens,65.9%were positive for sIgE for at least two kinds of pollen or plant food allergens,and 46.5%were positive for CCD-sIgE.2.More than 67%of the allergen sIgE levels of patients sensitized to plant allergens were concentrated in Class 1 to 3,and the concentration were less than 17.5 KUA/L.It was also found that 66.0%to 95.9%of patients with positive plant allergens were combined with positive CCD-sIgE.3.The sIgE positive rates of plant allergens(artemisia mugwort,mixed pollen,ragweed,humulus,peanut and soybean)were significantly higher in CCD-sIgE positive patients than in CCD-sIgE negative patients(all P<0.01).The sIgE positive rates of plant allergens(artemisia mugwort,mixed pollen,ragweed,humulus,peanut and soybean)were significantly higher than that of CCD-sIgE negative at low and high positive levels of CCD-sIgE(all P<0.01)4.The ragweed and tree pollen allergens were strongly correlated with CCD(0.84,0.69,P<0.001,respectively).Optimal scale analysis showed that the distances between CCD and common ragweed or tree mixed pollen were the shortest.5.After using CCD inhibitors,the positive rates of each plant allergen decreased significantly(all P<0.001),and the inhibition rates were between 73.0%and 100%.Humulus humulus(100%)had the highest inhibition rate,followed by mugwort and peanut(both 85.2%),ragweed(81.5%),soybean(80.0%),and tree combination(73.0%).Conclusion:66.0%～95.9%of pollen allergenes sIgE-positive patients in South China were also positive for CCD-sIgE,suggesting that plant pollen allergenes sIgEs were closely related to CCD in southern China.After using the CCD inhibition test,more than 73%of the positive results of the plant allergen sIgE in the patient’s serum were turned to negative,which suggested that most of the pollen allergen and peanut soybean allergen sIgE detected by the allergic patients in southern China may due to CCD.Useing CCD inhibition test could improve the accuracy of the detection of pollen and seed foods allergen sIgE in southern China. |
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