| The farming and breeding of the forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)is an important way to protect the population resources of the musk deer and ensure the continuous supply of traditional Chinese medicine musk.The captive domestication and breeding of the forest musk deer has been carried out in China since the end of the 1950 s.After more than 60 years of farming and breeding,Chinese have successfully explored the experience of farming and breeding,and broke through the technical bottleneck.In recent years,the number of forest musk deer has been growing rapidly.However,there are still some unresolved problems in forest musk deer breeding,which seriously restrict the development of the forest musk deer population.With the increase in the number of forest musk deer,the shortage of forest musk deer forage has become increasingly prominent.Solving the forest musk deer forage problem is an important part of promoting the healthy and green development of the breeding industry.Phytobezoar disease of forest musk deer has a high morbidity,high mortality,and almost no self-healing.These are important constraints that affect the growth of the population and the income of breeding.Therefore,in this study,DNA barcoding technology was used to detect the natural diets of forest musk deer,to provide a basis for the protection of wild forest musk deer,and also to provide a reference for captive forest musk deer forage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the properties of bezoars,which laid a direction for subsequent research.By detecting the fiber length of the bezoars and the chemical composition in the bezoars,we can explore the potential causes of the formation of bezoars and find solutions.Effects of musk deer feed intake,digestibility and stress physiology.This research is of great significance for protecting wild forest musk deer,optimizing forage of captive forest musk deer and improving forest musk deer bezoar disease.The main results of this study are:1.The natural diets of the forest musk deer were detected by DNA barcoding,and the results showed that 72 families,114 genera and 78 species of food source plants of the forest musk deer in the Tangjiahe Nature Reserve in winter were identified.The main foods of the forest musk deer include Berchemia sp.,Rhododendron sp.,Celastrus sp.,Dalbergia sp.and Lonicera sp.,etc.There are 54 genera of herbs,30 genera of shrubs,23 genera of trees,and 13 genera of vines.The relative abundance of food structure is10.473% for herbs,49.904% for shrubs,29.518% for trees,and 10.105% for vines.The main co-feeding plants with previous studies include Rhododendron sp.,Rosa sp.,Euonymus sp.,Viburnum sp.and Lonicera sp.2.It was identified by scanning electron microscopy that the bezoars were actually phytobezoar.By detecting the fiber length of the phytobezoar and the chemical components in the phytobezoar,the results showed that the proportion of short fibers in the phytobezoar of the forest musk deer was significantly lower than that of fecal fibers(p<0.05),the proportion of longer fibers was significantly greater than that of fecal fibers(p<0.05).The content of tannin and fiber in the phytobezoar of the forest musk deer were significantly greater than those of fecal fibers(p<0.05).3.The particle size of the forest musk forage was reduced by grinding and pelleting the forest musk forage,and it was tested whether reducing the forage particle size would improve the wood musk phytobezoar disease.The detection index selected the fecal particle size of the forest musk deer(here refers to the particle size,not the fecal size).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the particle size of the feces of the experimental group(fed with pellets)and the control group(fed with untreated dry leaves).4.The effects of grinded and pelleted of the forage on digestive physiology of forest musk deer were measured by measuring feed intake and digestibility;The stress of forest musk deer caused by changing feed form was measured by detecting the content of cortisol hormone.The results showed that the grinded and pelleted forage(dry leaves)significantly increased the feed intake;However,there was no significant difference in digestibility between the control group and the experimental group;Changing the feed form from leaf to pellet did not cause stress to the forest musk deer. |
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