| South Xinjiang region is an important cotton production base in China,while cotton production is also the pillar industry of the region.In view of the complex natural environment in the South Xinjiang region,low quality of cotton seeds,the complex composition of machine picked cotton impurities and high impurity content,the research objects are machine picked cotton and cotton seeds in the First Division Reclamation Area,focusing on the detection of vitality information of cotton seeds,detection of external indication information of cotton seeds,charge characteristics of residual mulch and machine picked cotton,electrostatic separation of different grades of residual mulch,machine picked cotton impurity separation device and system optimization.The research aims to solve the bottleneck problem of cotton production in Xinjiang by using spectral technology to detect the germination time and vitality information of cotton seeds,machine vision technology to detect the external indications of cotton seeds and develop the seed sorting machine based on this technology,electrostatic adsorption technology to separate machine picked cotton and residual mulch,and finally the research of machine picked cotton impurity cleaning device.The specific research contents are as follows.(1)Optical detection of internal vitality of cotton seedsThe spectral reflection data collection system was built to collect the spectral reflection data of four varieties of cotton seeds,and the regression equation between the optical reflection characteristics of cotton seeds and their germination time was established by using polynomial regression analysis.The results showed that the optical reflectance characteristics of lint-free cotton seeds were correlated with their germplasm.In the range of 450～990 nm,the optical reflectance of the Newland germline was 0.2≤Re≤0.6 and that of the Middle cotton germline was 0.5≤Re≤0.9.When the wavelength was greater than600 nm,the reflectance of the Middle cotton germline was greater than that of the Newland germline;the correct binning rate of the established regression equation between the optical reflectance characteristics of lint-free cotton seeds and the germination time was the regression equation of the optical reflectance properties of lint-free cotton seeds and the germination time was established with a correct sorting rate of 94%.A hyperspectral data collection system was built to collect the hyperspectral data of cotton seeds,and the spectral data were extracted,and the PCR and LS-SVM algorithms were used to establish the regression model between the spectral data and the vital intensity of cotton seeds.Among them,the regression model established by LS-SVM algorithm has the best prediction effect on the vital strength of cotton seeds(cotton plant height after 15 days of germination)with RMSE value of 0.7536,R~2 of 0.7588 and R of 0.8711;the use of spectral technology can achieve rapid and nondestructive identification of vital vigor information of delinted cotton seeds.(2)Rapid visual inspection technology and device research for external fingerprint information of cotton seedsThe image acquisition system of Xinjiang long-staple cotton"Xinluzhongi-66"acid lint-free cotton seeds was built,and images of uniformly placed and randomly placed cotton seeds were collected.For the uniformly placed group cotton seed images,the single seed images were extracted by extracting their V components and then removing the background.Then the single seed image is enhanced by using improved wavelet noise reduction,and after enhancement,the broken cotton seeds are identified.The average accuracy of the improved YOLOV5S network is 0.96 for the recognition of intact cotton seeds,which is 4percentage points higher than that before the improvement.The average accuracy of the improved YOLOV5S network is 0.96 for intact cotton seeds,which is 4 percentage points better than that before the improvement.The average accuracy of the improved YOLOV5S network is 0.87 and 0.93 for damaged cotton seeds,and the average accuracy of the improved YOLOV5S network is 0.903 and 0.946 for all categories of cotton seeds.Finally,according to the material characteristics of cotton seeds,a dual-camera-based wheel-type cotton seeds sampler was designed,including a loading device,a conveying device,a vision acquisition module and a discharging device.The cotton seed sorting sample machine misjudged 7 out of 50 intact cotton seeds,with a correct rate of 86%;5 out of 50 damaged cotton seeds,with a correct rate of 90%,and the total correct detection rate was 88%,with a single seed detection speed of 0.24 seeds/s.It provides an important theoretical support and technical reference for the related industries to develop cotton seed sorting equipment.(3)Research on the charge characteristics of residual mulch and machine picked cotton in machine picked cottonThe CFD simulation scheme of the separation of machine picked cotton and residual film was designed by using the residual film electrostatic separation device,and the flight trajectories of machine picked cotton and residual film and the separation effect of both were simulated when machine picked cotton and residual film entered the electric field with different flying speeds and different electric field forces were applied.After the electric field force is applied,when the speed of machine picked cotton into the electric field is4m/s,the condition of separating the residual film in machine picked cotton is that the electric field force on cotton is between 0.01N～0.017N,and the electric field force on residual film must be greater than 0.13N.When the speed of machine picked cotton into the electric field is 5m/s,the condition of separating the residual film in machine picked cotton is that the electric field force on cotton is between 0.006N～0.018N,and the electric field force on cotton is between 0.006N～0.018N.When the speed of the machine picked cotton is 6m/s,the condition for the separation of the residual film in the machine picked cotton is that the electric field force on the cotton is less than 0.019N and the electric field force on the residual film must be greater than 0.29N.When the speed of the machine picked cotton is 4m/s,5m/s,6m/s and the charging time is 10s,20s,30s,the residual film will be separated from the machine picked cotton.When the fly-in speed is 4m/s,5m/s and6m/s,and the charge time is 10s,20s and 30s,the unit charge of the residual film is mostly negative,and the proportion of positive value is very low.The unit charge of machine-picked cotton all showed positive values.The longer the charging time,the greater the unit charge of the residual film.The greater the flight speed,the greater the reduction of residual film charge,because of the increase in speed and the increase of residual film charge loss.The test proves that the machine picked cotton and the residual mulch can be well separated.(4)Fractal theory based on research on the optimal impurity removal parameters of the electrostatic separation of machine picked cotton and residual filmIn order to better realize the electrostatic separation of machine picked cotton and residual mulch,and to provide an effective technical solution for production practice.The fractal theory was used to classify the different grades of residual mulch,and the electrostatic adsorption device was used to test the removal of residual mulch.The best electrostatic removal parameters for Class I,Class II and Class III residual mulch were determined,as well as the best electrostatic debris removal parameters for all classes of residual mulch.The fractal dimension range of the three different classes of residual films was significantly different,with the fractal dimension range of 1.86-1.94 for Class I,1.73-1.86 for Class II,and 1.53-1.75 for Class III.This range was used as a criterion to identify the classes of residual films with an accuracy of 94.67%.The results showed that the fractal dimension theory can be used to classify the residual ground cover classes well.When v=5m/s,t=24s,and U=41 KV,it is the best parameter for class I debris removal,and the debris removal rate is 97.05%;when v=6m/s,t=27s,and U=42 KV,it is the best parameter for class II debris removal,and the debris removal rate is 98.03%;when v=3.5m/s,t=29s,and U=46 KV,it is the best parameter for class III debris removal,and the debris removal rate is 98.03%.When v=3.5m/s,t=29s,U=46KV,it is the best parameter for grade III residual film debris removal,and the debris removal rate is 98.21%;the best electrostatic debris removal parameters for all grades of residual film are v=5.5m/s,t=27s,U=44KV.(5)Machine harvested cotton vegetative impurity separation device design and system superior control researchThrough the study of the size and quality characteristics of machine picked cotton and impurities as well as the determination of suspension characteristics,the way of machine picked cotton impurities removal was determined as pneumatic type impurity removal.The average value of single boll shell mass is 0.325g,the average value of cotton rod mass is0.175g,the average value of machine picked cotton mass is 0.636g,etc.The average value of single boll shell size length is 31.9mm,the average length of cotton rod length is 39.8mm,etc.The suspension speed of machine picked cotton was determined,and the suspension speed of machine picked cotton is usually 2.6～5.6m/s,which can determine the conveying speed in the pneumatic conveying process.The machine picking cotton deblending automation device was designed,the device mainly includes seed cotton conveying part,machine picking cotton loading and conveying mechanism,the first machine picking cotton deblending device,drying device,the second machine picking cotton deblending device and the third machine picking cotton deblending device.And the machine picking cotton deblending device increased energy-saving control system to make it energy-saving and reduce consumption to improve deblending efficiency,increase electrostatic adsorption mechanism to complete the cleaning of chemical impurities,and the overall machine picking cotton cleaning and processing equipment,technology and other aspects of the optimal design,machine picking cotton deblending conveying device to increase energy-saving control,machine picking cotton deblending conveying device than isochronous constant speed conveying power consumption is significantly reduced,energy-saving efficiency of 34%. |
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