| The Black Land is a valuable natural resource that contributes greatly to the survival and development of mankind.The Northeast Black Earth Region provides important food security for our country.However,due to climate change,high-intensity long-term utilization of farmers and low awareness of protection of farmers,the decline in the number of black land in Northeast China is evident,and the construction area has increased,High levels of quality degradation pose a direct threat to national food security.Therefore,the establishment and improvement of black land protection mechanism has become the focus of the current government and academia.Farmers are directly involved in the protection of black land.Promoting the protection of black land by farmers is an important link in protecting black land.The design of the related black land protection mechanism should focus on the important influencing factors of the protection of black land by farmers.Under the guidance of the relevant black land protection policy,the current farmers have adopted more black land protection measures to form a certain sense of black land protection.At the same time,relative to the government policy guidance,the market drive is to attract farmers to participate in black land protection spontaneously and proactively through market price mechanism.Therefore,it is particularly important to establish policy guidance and market-driven interaction mechanisms for farmers’ black land protection.In this paper,we study the protection behavior of black land of farmers.From a policy-oriented and market-driven perspective,according to the basic theories of farm household behavior theory,agricultural technology diffusion theory,public goods theory and push and pull theory,based on the research results at home and abroad,the theoretical and logical framework of policy guidance and market drive affecting the protection behavior of black land of farmers is constructed.Using the microscopic survey data of 676 households in typical county of Heilongjiang province,the present situation and problems of black land conservation in sample area are analyzed.And quantitative measurement policy guidance and market-driven basis,based on the binary logistics model,the influence of policy guidance and market drive on farmers’ awareness and willingness to protect black land was analyzed.On the basis of this,the structural equation model is used to verify the path of policy guidance and market drive on the protection behavior of black soil of farmers.Finally,the policy guidance and market-driven mechanism to promote the protection behavior of farmers in black soil were constructed.(1)The value and technical awareness of black land protection of farmers is low,only 50.89%of the sample farmers believe that black land protection can improve economic returns,and only60.06% of farmers understand black land protection related technologies.The cognition of the ecological environment and responsibility obligations of the black land of the sample farmers is higher,accounting for 74.15% and 94.68% respectively.There is a high awareness of black land protection and increase in production,77.07% of farmers think that straw return to the field,organic fertilizer return to the field and water-saving irrigation and other black land protection enhancement technology can achieve increased yield.The participation and willingness to promote the protection of black land of farmers are higher.71.75% and 66.12%,respectively,of farmers with the willingness to participate in and promote the protection of black land.73.37% and 66.12%respectively.However,the adoption of geodynamic and ecological protection technologies is low.They accounted for 26.63% and 37.87% respectively.(2)In theory,policy guidance and market drive are important external influencing factors of black land conservation behavior of farmers,Both can influence the actual behavior of black land protection by influencing the awareness of black land protection.Policy guidance and market drive can also influence the actual behavior of black land protection of farmers by influencing their willingness to protect black land.Moreover,there exist market-driven regulation effect of policy guidance on the awareness and willingness of farmers to protect black land.At the same time,policy guidance and market drive also directly affect the actual behavior of black land protection of farmers,and there is a linkage between policy guidance and market drive.(3)Empirically,policy guidance has a positive effect on the recognition of the value,technology,ecological environment and liability obligations of farmers in black land conservation at a significant level of 1%,10%,1% and 1% respectively.The market drive has a significant effect on the value,technology,ecological environment and production increase cognition of black land conservation of farmers.Specifically,the market price factor has a positive influence on the ecological environment cognition of black land protection of farmers at a significant level of 5%;The market supply and demand factors have positive influence on the cognition of black land conservation value of farmers at a significant level of 10%,but negative influence on the cognition of black land conservation ecology at a significant level of 1%;Market competitive factors have a positive effect on the cognition of black land conservation value,technical cognition and production increase of farmers at a significant level of 1%.Market risk factors have a negative effect on farmers’ awareness of black land conservation and yield increase at a significant level of 1%.At the same time,the interaction between policy guidance and market-driven items has a significant effect on the cognition of black land protection of farmers.Policy guidance has a positive impact on farmers’ willingness to promote black land protection at a significant level of 5%,but not on farmers’ willingness to participate in black land protection.The market drive has a significant effect on the willingness of farmers to protect black land.Specifically,the market supply and demand factors have a positive effect on the willingness of farmers to participate in the protection of black land and the willingness to spread.Market competitive factors have positive influence on the willingness of farmers to participate in the protection of black land and the willingness of extension respectively at a significant level of 1%;Market risk factors have a negative effect on farmers’ willingness to participate and promote black land protection at a significant level of 1% and 5%.The recognition of black land protection of farmers has positive influence on the participation and willingness of black land protection of farmers at a significant level of 1%.At the same time,the interaction between policy guidance and market-driven items has a significant effect on the willingness of farmers to protect black land.(4)On the influence path,there are two ways to influence the policy guidance on the farmers’ black land conservation behavior: Path one is to guide the policy → farmers’ black land protection cognition → farmers’ black land protection will → farmers’ black land protection actual behavior;Path II is the policy guidance → farmers black land protection will → farmers black land protection actual behavior,policy guidance on farmers black land protection behavior of the overall effect is positive.The influence of market drive on black land conservation behavior also exists two paths: path one is market driven → farmer black land protection cognition → farmer black land protection will → farmer black land protection actual behavior;Path II is market driven → the actual behavior of farmers black land protection,the overall effect of market drive on farmers black land protection behavior is positive.There is a significant interaction between policy guidance and market drive,the path policy guidance ←→ market-driven,and positive effect values between the two.For different types of black land cultivated land and farmers of different business scale,there are great differences in the influence path of policy guidance and market drive on the protection behavior of black land.For different types of black land cultivated land,compared to dryland farmers,the policy guidance has a significant positive effect on the protection will of the farmers operating paddy field.Compared to the farmers who run the water fields,the market drive has a significant positive effect on the cognition and actual behavior of black land protection of the farmers who operate the drylands.For different business sizes,compared to smaller farmers,Policy guidance through the positive influence on the management of large-scale farmers black land protection cognition and positive influence on farmers black land protection will finally positive influence the actual behavior of farmers black land protection,At the same time,the black land protection will directly affect the large-scale farmers and the actual behavior of black land protection.But the market drive has little effect on the black land protection behavior of large scale farmers.Relative to large-scale farmers,the policy guidance is only positive to affect the management of smaller farmers black land protection cognition and positive to affect the farmers black land protection will,it cannot affect the actual practices of black land protection of smaller farmers,The market drive has a significant positive effect on the actual behavior of black land protection of small-scale farmers.Moreover,there is a correlation between policy guidance and market drive in the influence of black land protection behavior of small-scale farmers.(5)On the basis of establishing the objectives and principles of policy guidance and marketdriven mechanism to promote the protection of black land by farmers,Based on policy guidance and market-driven pathway analysis of the impact of black land conservation behavior on farmers,The economic interest-driven mechanism,social responsibility-driven mechanism,policy and regulation-driven mechanism,science and technology-driven mechanism,policy guidance and market-driven mechanism,different types of farmers’ differentiated drive mechanism and farmers’ feedback mechanism were established,To promote land enhancement and ecological protection of black land for farmers.Specifically,the operation of the aforementioned mechanism for promoting black land protection by farmers should start with the external policy and market of black land protection by farmers.by means of economy,restraint,guidance,encouragement,etc.,To improve the cognition of black land protection of farmers,and then to enhance the willingness and behavior of black land protection of farmers through cognition,to establish a feedback mechanism for farmers and to optimize the policy guidance and market-driven mechanism to promote the protection behavior of farmers.Finally,in order to ensure the effective operation of the mechanism of black land protection of farmers,we also need the measures of system,market,technology,culture and organization. |
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