| Nowadays,governance is increasingly complicated,as the traditional boundary of governance has been undermined with the development of "Internet Plus" mode and the blossom of owned media.Recently,the list-based management system,which is represented by rights and responsibilities list and negative list,has drew great attention in practice.The list-based management system,as the "visualization" project of public power operation,attempts to clarify the boundary problems of governance in a simple and distinct way.From the perspective of medium and long term,"List","list management" and "list system" have appeared 19 times,5 times and 4 times respectively in the full text of China's "fourteenth five-year plan",which indicates that China will continue to use the tool of "list" to promote the modernization of governance.However,the relating research has just started and is still lagging behind the practice,and the research on the overall discussion of list-based governance is even less.Then,from the perspective of policy process,how does policies of list-based governance come to the stage of institutional innovation and governance practice,and how to reach consensus to promote the formal formation of these policies? Furthermore,how to improve the practice performance of list governance? Answering these questions is not only beneficial to bridge the "gap" between practice and research,but also essential for improving the practice level of list-based governance and responding to practical problems.Based on the summary of existing researches and practices,this study defines that "represented by the list of rights and responsibilities and negative list of market access,list-based governance refers to a new mode of governance,in public administration,with the multi-participation of government(coordinator),market and society.Additionally,taking list as a tool to integrate the governance elements,such as rights and responsibilities of governors,governance methods and governance infrastructure,the list-based governance aims at settle problems of unclear rights and responsibilities and vague boundary of behavior in public administration." List-based governance,seems therefore,bears the characteristics of legality,integrity,coordination and operability.Conducted from the perspective of policy process,under the Multiple-stream Analysis(MSA)proposed by Kingdon,and combined with the research framework of consensus reached by domestic scholars and the perspective of policy performance inspection,this study creatively puts forward the basic analysis framework of "Motion-Consensus-Performance",which is then considered as the basic analytical framework for the list-based governance policy processUnder the framework of "Motion-Consensus-Performance",a descriptive study is conducted,which tries to describe "how the list-based governance puts on the policy agenda".According to the analysis of multi-source flow framework,it is found that there exists an objective conflict between the need of national governance modernization and the ambiguous behavior boundary of the government,market and society.Additionally,under the transformation of government functions in China,the emergence of new governance context further identifies the policy problems.In September,2013,the construction of Shanghai Free Trade Zone,pushed the list system onto the governance stage of China.Furthermore,with the deployment of the Comprehensively Deepen Reform in China,the "policy window" was opened,and the list-based governance was proposed by China's top leaders in the Central Reform Leading Group,from which the policy agenda started.However,the process of policy making may be a reciprocating process,and the start of policy agenda does not mean the formal formation of policy.In order to explain how the policy is formally formed,this dissertation discusses from the perspective of policy consensus in Chapter Four,in which the negative list system of market access is taken as a typical case.It shows that the negative list system of market access in China grew out of nothing and brewed in a rather vague policy environment.In the process of the formal formation of the policy,there are differences of opinion between the vertical and horizontal policy subjects.Vertically,the consensus between the local government and the central government was achieved through two paths: top-down and bottom-up.Through the top-down design mode,the central government conceived the overall blueprint of the system.In the opposite direction,local governments fed back the experience of autonomous exploration and normative national pilot tests from bottom to top.With the continuous "up" and "down" through the two paths,the consensus of the two sides was gradually focused from fuzziness,and finally the vertical convergence of opinions was completed,so as to reach a consensus.Horizontally,the opinion convergence was realized through "opening the door" to "invite in" opinions from experts,industry associations,market participants and other policy consultants,and "go out" to actively investigate and understand the market situation.In addition,the intervention of the upper level came in to introduce a unified "standard" and a "top-level design" to ensure the convergence of opinions,when it is difficult for departments to run in horizontal opinions.As the final foothold of this dissertation's policy process analysis,Chapter Five returns to the ultimate goal of policy introduction and governance practice,which produces policy performance.In the relative lack of research support,in order to explore how to improve the list governance performance,this part of the dissertation was conducted based on the field questionnaire survey in the sample area.The intuitive performance of list-based governance is the improvement of "unclear rights and responsibilities in public problems,fuzzy behavior boundary",which is closely related to the characteristics of list-based governance.As one kind of governance innovation,the effect of list-based governance can not ignore the role of policy consensus.Based on this judgment,this paper constructs a theoretical framework of characteristics,consensus and performance of list-based governance,which are used to explain the mechanism of influencing factors of list-based governance performance.The empirical analysis results show that:(1)the direct and indirect effects of the Integration,Law-based and Coordination of list-based governance on its performance are significant,and the effect coefficient of the Integration of list-based governance on the performance is the largest,which is the key factor found in the empirical study.(2)Compared with the Integration of list-based governance,the Law-based governance is more important for vertical consensus,which shows that listing based on law can effectively solve the authoritative problem of list-based governance as governance innovation,and effectively promote the consensus between vertical subjects.(3)Coordination of list-based governance can improve the level of horizontal policy consensus among regional departments,which is one of the foundations of vertical consensus,and ultimately can have a positive role in promoting the performance of list-based governance.According to the analysis above,in order to improve the level of list-based governance in China,the following suggestions are proposed:(1)The public administrator(the government)should focus on governance objectives and innovate the application scenarios of list-based governance;(2)It is necessary to reach consensus further and promote pilot projects in key areas;(3)The government should conform to the trend of governance and highlight the key features of list-based governance;(4)It is necessary to strengthen the connection of the list and the supporting system in order to build the list governance system. |
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