Study On The Influence Of Academies In The Late Ming Dynasty On The Spirit Of Scholars

Academy as a unique educational institution in ancient China,developed until the late Ming Dynasty(Longqing to Wanli)and reached the final peak of ancient Chinese academy education.Scholars are the political and humanistic elite class in ancient Chinese society and the main group cultivated by the academy education system.In the turbulent historical period of the late Ming Dynasty,political,culture and education are corrupted.However,folk academies began to flourish.It includes Donglin Academy,Guanzhong Academy,Jiangyou Academy,Huizhou Academy,and Shoushan Academy,etc.The above academies not only provided a quiet living space for the scholars at that time,but also profoundly influenced their moral concepts and life ideals,and fostered the unique spirit of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.The Ming Dynasty was a highly developed period of cultural despotism.In the early period of the Ming Dynasty,the rulers concentrated their efforts on the establishment of official schools to enlist scholars.The academies,which expound different academic purposes and advocate mutual debate,are in a state of destitution.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,it became more corrupt with the development of political culture,and the development and evolution of Yangming Mind.The scholars were in a state of self-exile,which was extreme until the late Ming Dynasty.In this context,Gu Xiancheng,Gao Panlong,Feng Congwu and other thinkers stepped forward and tried their best to revive the academy construction.They not only provided the ideological basis for the development of academy education in theory,but also practiced and promoted the practice of revitalizing academies with all their life efforts.Through their efforts,the academies of the Ming Dynasty reached their peak during the period from Longqing to Wanli,and corrected the spiritual temperament of the scholars of the late Ming Dynasty.Generally speaking,the site selection principles of the academies in the late Ming Dynasty,such as ‘looking for a Humanist' and ‘choosing natural holy places',as well as the flexible layout of the buildings in the academies,cultivated the spirit of the scholars to worship propriety and self-abasement,to cultivate one's morality,to avoid concealment,to keep their supreme nature,and to worship reality and to go floatingin the late Ming Dynasty.The regular lecture activities of the academy in the late Ming Dynasty gave birth to the spirit of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty,such as continuing their learning,reforming their morality,cooperating with the group,advancing together with tolerance,worrying about the country and the time,and focusing on practical matters.In the late Ming Dynasty,the fierce confrontation between the scholars in the academies and the imperial power revealed the fierce righteous spirit and fierce spirit of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty,which shows the virility,righteousness and martyrdom spirit of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.In addition,the lingering spirit of the scholars in the late Ming dynasty had a profound influence on the societies such as ‘fu she' and ‘ji she',as well as thinkers such as Huang zongxi,Gu yanwu and Wang chuanshan in the Ming and qing dynasties.