The Collation And Related Content Research Of Shang Zhijun's Compilation Of Tang Dynasty "Xinxiu Materia Medica"

Xinxiu materia medica of Tang Dynasty is the first official herbal medicine in China.It contains 850 kinds of medicines.It is called the first Pharmacopoeia of China and the earliest national pharmacopoeia in the world.It is nearly nine centuries earlier than Nuremberg Pharmacopoeia.Xinxiu materia medica is composed of three parts: Materia Medica,medicinal drawings and Illustrated Classics,with a total of 54 volumes.The length of the color medicine drawings and Illustrated Classics is far more than that of the materia medica,which can be said to be an unprecedented masterpiece in the history of pharmacy in China.There are 270 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition,which have been included in Xinxiu materia medica.Xinxiu materia medica of the Tang Dynasty was lost earlier.There are two existing editions,namely,the edition compiled by Kang Xi in Japan and the edition compiled by Mr.Shang Zhijun in China.At present,Shangji edition is popular in China.However,since the publication of Shangji edition,no systematic comparison and collation has been carried out.Based on the importance of "new revision of Materia Medica" and the need of "heritage essence and innovation",it is necessary to collate systematically the new revised materia medica.The purpose of this study is to make a systematic comparison,collation and interpretation of the Shangji edition of Xinxiu Materia Medica,rectify the source,clarify the problems existing in the Shangji edition of xinxiubencao,and put forward opinions on textual research and interpretation,so as to contribute to the further improvement of the revised edition of xinxiubencao.At the same time,based on the Shangji edition,the content of Xinxiu materia medica was explored,which added new content to the research and application of xinxiubencao,and provided reference for future research.There are three aspects of comparison in this study.One is to compare Shangji edition with Gangxi edition;the other is to compare Shangji edition with zhenglei materia medica and compendium of Materia Medica;the third is to compare Shangji edition with the remnant volume of Xinxiu materia medica.Through word by word sentence by sentence comparison,find similarities and differences,summarize problems,research and explain problems.At the same time,the exploratory research on the content of the newly compiled materia medica mainly starts from the aspects of theory and practical application.In terms of edition selection in the process of comparison and collation,the reprinted and newly revised materia medica published by Taiwan National Institute of Chinese medicine was selected as the only edition,while shangzhijun,Zheng Jinsheng and Huaxia publishing house were selected as the only edition of the reprinted and newly revised materia medica of Gangxi,Japan;while Shang Zhijun,Zheng Jinsheng and Huaxia publishing house were selected as the reference edition of zhenglei materia medica.At present,there are mainly two versions of zhenglei materia medica.One is that its content and style keep the original appearance of the classics;the other is that Mr.Shang Zhijun also participates in it,which is more comparative;the compendium of Materia Medica(point Edition)selects the 2013 edition of Liu Hengru,Liu Shanshui’s father and son and Huaxia publishing house.There are many "compendium of Materia Medica"(point Edition).The main reason for choosing this edition is that Mr.Liu Hengru is a well-known scholar in the study of compendium of Materia Medica,who has been infiltrated in it for a long time and has authority.As a reference,the remnant volume of "Xinxiu Materia Medica" of Dunhuang is the photocopy of the authentic Dunhuang medical literature published by the ancient books publishing house of traditional Chinese medicine edited by Yuan Renzhi and pan Wen,while the remnant volume of Xinxiu materia medica of Tang Dynasty,which is copied from Japan,is still in the appendix.The specific research results and conclusions of this study mainly include the following aspects: 1.Systematic comparison,collation and textual research on the newly compiled version of "Xinxiu Materia Medica".The main conclusions are as follows: 1.(1)It was found that there were 851 kinds of drugs in Shangji edition,which was inconsistent with the conclusion that 850 kinds of drugs were contained in Xinxiu materia medica.(2)it can be seen that the "kuijen" clause in Shangji edition should be more than one,and should be combined with "Dongkui Zi";(3)in the appendix materials of Shangji edition,the source of850 kinds of drugs in Xinxiu materia medica was discussed,There are also some problems.The textual research shows that the combination of Mahu and Mazi is not a merger in the process of compiling Xinxiu Materia Medica,but is recorded as one item in Tao Hongjing’s annotation of Materia Medica Sutra.2.There are many differences in drug names between Shangji edition and Gangxi edition.The reason for the difference lies in the difference between the two versions.Shangji edition is mainly based on the remnant volume of Xinxiu Materia Medica,while Gangxi edition is based on syndrome type materia medica.In this respect,shangjiben is more reasonable.3.The main problem lies in the fact that shangjiben adopts different compiling principles in "the second preface to Xinxiu Materia Medica" and "the main body",which contradicts each other.That is to say,in the "preface and example",the "Zheng Lei Ben Cao" is prior to the "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" remnant volume,while in the "main body" the remnant volume of "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" is prior to that of "Zheng Lei Ben Cao".4.There are 39 similarities and differences between Shangji edition and Xinxiu Materia Medica,zhenglei materia medica and compendium of Materia Medica,involving 38 herbs.The similarities and differences mainly include three types: first,different sentence fragments;second,different records;third,different choice of characters.In Xinxiu Materia Medica,there are 17 mistakes in sentence breaking,4 unreasonable sentences,2 recording errors and 2wrong words using.The rest are 14 mistakes in zhenglei materia medica and compendium of Materia Medica.5.There are 35 kinds of four documents cited in the Shangji edition of Xinxiu materia medica.It can be seen from the source and interpretation that there are 4citation errors and 6 key words errors such as plant name in Shangji edition.At the same time,there is a mixture of citations and comments.In the process of tracing and interpreting,it is also found that some individual "Xinxiu Materia Medica"(edited copies)and "zhenglei Materia Medica"(point and school edition)are misquoted.For example,under the "Yanzhi" clause,Xinxiu materia medica quotes "Li" which says: "when the geese come in autumn,the birds will go in spring",and "spring to bird" should be "spring Xuanniao".The original work of zhenglei materia medica was "spring Xuanniao",but according to Xinxiu Materia Medica(a copy),it was wrongly changed to "spring to bird".6.According to the textual research,the block printed edition of qianjinyifang in Meixi Academy of Yuan Dynasty basically retains the original appearance of qianjinyifang copied in the late Tang Dynasty.Although the content has been increased and changed,it can be identified as the change of the Tang Dynasty’s herbal records,and it is not a deliberate revision of the collation in the Song Dynasty.Therefore,it is correct and feasible to regard Qian Jin Yi Fang as the second edition in Shangji edition.2、 This paper makes an exploratory study on the contents of the newly compiled materia medica.1.A comparative study of the new revised materia medica and the medical essence of India Medical Journal of the same period shows that the pharmacy in Tang Dynasty has high theoretical confidence.The process of drug exchange between China and India is not interested in the absorption of foreign pharmaceutical theories.During this period,the absorption of foreign pharmaceutical knowledge in Chinese traditional medicine was more concentrated on foreign drugs,but it seemed that the "different use" of local traditional drugs was not very enthusiastic.At the same time,after the introduction of foreign drugs,China’s collection of foreign drugs is under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,giving sex and flavor,toxic and non-toxic and efficacy.2.The new drugs in Xinxiu materia medica mainly come from three aspects: one is the differentiation from the original drugs in the "herbal classic Jizhu";the second is the drugs introduced from outside the domain;the third is the folk prescription drugs;among them,the folk prescription drugs are the main source of the new drugs.At the same time,"Xinxiu Materia Medica" also has a clear selectivity in the collection of folk prescription drugs,its standard is mainly based on the main diseases faced by the working people at that time,and the selection of drugs with good efficacy after practical test.3.There are 270 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials(decoction pieces)in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The content records are basically the same,but slightly different.(1)The similarities and differences of medicinal parts of sanbaicao.It is concluded that the use of sanbaicao root in the past dynasties is the mainstream,which is different from today’s "aboveground part";(2)the similarities and differences of medicinal parts of Folium Isatidis.According to textual research,before Ming Dynasty,the medicinal part of Daqing was always "stem and leaf".Li Shizhen first mentioned the single use leaf of Daqing in compendium of Materia Medica,but the single leaf was not the mainstream in Ming Dynasty,and the combination of stem and leaf continued to Qing Dynasty,and the use of bluish leaf instead of Daqing in Qing Dynasty was the source of its popularization and application.(4)In the Pharmacopoeia,there are similarities and differences in the different genres of Ligustrum lucidum.(5)There are different records of Stellera chamaejasme.According to the textual research,the Stellera chamaejasme recorded in Xinxiu materia medica is Euphorbia kansuensis,which was only used in Materia Medica after the Song Dynasty.(6)Rong salt in Xinxiu materia medica is closely related to Turquoise salt in Pharmacopoeia.It is believed that the Rong salt in Tang Dynasty and before was diversified,among which Daqing salt was one of them.However,in Song Dynasty,Rong salt became "green salt",and Daqing salt became the mainstream variety in prescription literature.Until now,only Daqing salt was known,but less Rong salt was mentioned.The innovation of this study is mainly reflected in the first time that the remnant volume of "Xinxiu Materia Medica" of Dunhuang is consistent with that of Japanese "Xinxiu Materia Medica" for the first time,and that the original appearance of Xinxiu materia medica can be seen in the two fragmentary volumes For the first time,the source of citations in Xinxiu materia medica was systematically traced and explained.Four citation errors and six key words such as plant name were corrected in the revised edition of Xinxiu materia medica.At the same time,the status quo of mixed citations and comments was distinguished.