Sport and Recreational Activity Participation and Injury Risk in Elementary School Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: To examine if probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (pADHD) in elementary school children aged 8 -- 13 years is associated with sport and recreation (S&R) participation and injury.;Methods: Cross-sectional design. Recruitment from elementary schools in Calgary, Alberta, Canada led to 681 participants completing an anonymous questionnaire.;Primary Outcome Measure: S&R participation and injury. Results: S&R participation was reported by 82.7% (95%CI; 79.8, 85.5) of children; those with co-occurring pDCD and pADHD participated less than their typically developing peers. The injury incidence rate was 2.43 injuries/1000 participation hours (95%CI; 2.06, 2.85), with no differences between study groups. Ethnicity, stressful life events and coaching were potential risk factors for injury identified by exploratory risk factor analysis.;Conclusions: Children with pDCD and/or pADHD were not at greater risk of S&R injury than their typically developing peers, but those with co-occurring pDCD and pADHD participated in S&R less.