An exploration of the experiences of women who have undergone a surgically induced menopause

This multiple case study explored the experiences of women who had undergone a surgically-induced menopause during reproductive years. Fifteen women were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide; the questions predominantly focused on the women's physiological, cognitive, and emotional experiences and adjustments following their surgeries, and their relationships with health care providers. The research included individual case descriptions and a cross-case analysis. The literature review included the following topics: (1) medicalization of menopause, (2) menopause, (3) hysterectomy, and (4) surgically-induced menopause. Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure in the United States, and over 50% of women undergoing a hysterectomy concomitantly have their ovaries removed. Studies of the experiences of women who undergo a premature surgical menopause are underrepresented.; The research explored specific issues of physiologic, cognitive, and emotional change, libido, and hormone replacement therapy. The leading cause for surgery was benign tumors of the reproductive organs, and the reason for oophorectomy was a fear of ovarian cancer.; The most common physiological changes were weight gain, dry skin, thinning of the hair, increased intestinal gassiness, and increased breast size. A change noted that has not been reported in the literature was a skin odor.; All of the women reported changes in their emotions, with the majority stating their moods were more positive and stable. They reported increased irritability and weepiness if their estrogen levels were inadequate. The majority of the participants reported decreased short-term memory, slower thought processes, and decreased ability to multi-task postoperatively. Five of the women reported some depression, however, three of those had been treated for depression prior to surgery. Ten of the women reported a decrease in libido, with only two reporting improvement with the use of testosterone. All of the women were currently using some form of estrogen replacement.; Suggestions for health care providers were to prepare women for possible cognitive, sexual, emotional, and physiological changes. It was strongly suggested to include the spouse or partner in discussions. The study concludes with recommendations for nursing practice and further research.