Lessons learned from 2001 anthrax attacks: Is the healthcare community prepared for the next attack

This dissertation focuses on the preparedness of the healthcare community following the bioterrorism attacks that occurred in the fall of 2001. Twenty-two people were infected with the microorganism Bacillus anthracis known as anthrax. Five individuals died due to the release of airborne particles sent through the United States Postal System. Due to the complexity of the cases, the initial signs and symptoms of cutaneous and inhalation anthrax were miss diagnosed. The healthcare community was not educated or prepared for the number of individuals that required screening for the possible exposure to the agent. Lessons learned from the anthrax attacks of 2001 are valuable in providing insight for future directions within the healthcare community in preparing for the unforeseen future involving potential biologic, chemical, radiologic or nuclear agents. A review of published articles and studies is incorporated into a matrix highlighting specific information depicting lessons learned and the level of preparation in the healthcare community six years after the attacks. Extant data is reviewed based on the 1998 Epidemiologic Capacity of State Health Agencies, and the following three surveys from 2001, 2004 and 2006 on the National Assessment of Epidemiologic Capacity. These surveys were prepared by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Based on the literature review the information displays that the level of preparedness is not adequate within the healthcare community in providing care for the population that seeks diagnosis, treatment, and reassurance during potential threats from bioterrorism.