| Two approaches were taken to assess the possibility of bias. In the first approach, while controlling for socioeconomic status, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare nonclinical Venezuelans and Mexicans on multiple MMPI-2 scales, including the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales calculated from norms derived from a nonclinical sample in Mexico. Consistent with prior research that indicated significant yet slight differences between Hispanic groups on the MMPI-2, findings in the current study that were significant had a small to negligible effect size, suggesting minimal differences in MMPI-2 responses between the two groups. The second approach used hierarchical regression equations to determine the influence of the country variable. Although some of the scales had significant yet small-to-negligible effects on some of the regression equations, none of the 65 comparisons of regression equations with and without the country of origin were significant. Based upon the findings of the hierarchical regression analysis, responses to the MMPI-2 items did not differentiate between Mexicans and Venezuelans. No evidence of bias in the MMPI-2 was found in comparing responses by Mexicans and Venezuelans. A final comparison was made between Mexicans and Venezuelans on MMPI-2 measures of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity indicative of a diagnosis of ADHD. Because ADHD is likely to occur undiagnosed in an adult population, it is expected that the MMPI-2 ADHD scales would identify diagnosable ADHD at the same prevalence rate as it is expected to exist in the U.S. population. There were no differences in the occurrence of symptoms of ADHD between Mexicans and Venezuelans; however, the prevalence rate of diagnosable ADHD inattentive and combined symptoms in the current study far exceeded that expected.;Keywords: MMPI-2, MMPI-2 PSY-5, MMPI-2 RC, MMPI-2-RF, bias, Latino, Hispanic, ADHD. |
