| Since the reform and opening up,relying on location advantages,factor cost comparative advantages,as well as highly specialized division of labor and effective supply chain management,China's industrial clusters have made considerable progress and gradually formed a strong market competitive advantage.Throughout the development process of industrial clusters,its essence is a process of constantly adapting to environmental changes and shaping the new competitive advantages of the clusters.At present,information network technology not only has a profound impact on the path and paradigm of the industry development,but also has a transformative impact on the development of industrial clusters.In the process,there are new challenges,as well as new opportunities and new kinetic energy.Faced with the developmental environment changes,the industrial clusters of China are gradually building new competitive advantages in the new ecological system through continuous practice and exploration,acquiring ecological rent and finding new kinetic energy.In recent years,this phenomenon has also gradually aroused the attention of academia.Although the academic circles generally believe that under the network environment,the important direction of the transformation and upgrading of China's industrial clusters is to form ecological competitive advantages by constructing the cluster ecosystem.However,most of the current studies on ecological competitive advantage only stay at the conceptual level of obtaining "ecological rent",but for the concrete connotation,formation mechanism,evolution characteristics of "ecological rent" and the choice of corresponding policy tools,there is a lack of in-depth and systematic explanation in theory.In view of this,this paper focuses on the core question of "what is the competitive advantage of the industrial cluster ecosystem and how to construct it" and makes a systematic study.Firstly,this paper starts from analysing the influence of network environment on the development of industrial cluster,then on the basis of systematically explaining the connotation,structure and function of the industrial cluster ecosystem,analyzes the essence of the competitive advantage of industrial cluster ecosystem under the network environment,makes a logical deduction to the composition of the ecological rent of the cluster ecosystem and the forming path of different types of ecological rent from the perspective of ecological rent,and analyzes the evolution characteristics of different types of ecological rent in different development stages of industrial cluster ecosystem,which forms a theoretical understanding about “what is the competitive advantage of industrial cluster ecosystem and how to form it”.Secondly,taking the Shiling leather industry cluster in Huadu District of Guangzhou as a reference case,the formation and evolution mechanism of ecological rent is tested by system dynamics simulation.Finally,considering the existence of market failures in the evolution of the industrial cluster ecosystem,it is necessary for the government to take appropriate intervention to correct the market failures.Therefore,based on the text analysis of Guangzhou industrial cluster policy,and the analysis of the key influencing factors of ecological rent in different development stages of cluster ecosystem,this paper systematically explains the effect mechanism of the cluster policy tools on the formation and evolution of cluster ecological rent,and simulates the effect of regulatory,incentive and social policy tools on cluster ecological rent by introducing policy variables.Research indicates:(1)Industrial cluster ecosystem is a complex system with certain structure,hierarchy and function,which is formed by the interaction of various actors with industrial community characteristics and their peripheral environment within a certain region.It includes three basic communities including the production community,the innovation community and the support community,as well as the virtual customer community outside the region.The major functional communities are connected to each other and form the industrial cluster ecosystem together with the external environment.(2)The essence of the competitive advantage of the cluster ecosystem is that the members can obtain ecological rent during the process of symbiosis and evolution.Logically,ecological rent is a systematic and structured economic rent.It is the surplus of all the individual enterprises in the industrial cluster ecosystem that exceeds the sum of the performance of individual enterprises in the market,that is,the excess profits obtained by various entities in the industrial cluster through cross-border integration,overall connection,and value co-creation,etc.Ecological rent is the fundamental embodiment of the competitive advantage of industrial clusters in the network environment.According to the source of ecological rent(individual level,the level of relationship between individuals and overall cluster level),the paper divides cluster ecological rent into four categories: Ricardo rent through mastering heterogeneous resources;Schumpeter rent through dynamic innovation;relationship rent through cooperation and symbiosis among various entities within the cluster;Richard Rent by forming a cluster brand effect.The construction of the competitive advantage of the cluster ecosystem,viz.,the formation and evolution of ecological rent,is a process of value linkage and co-creation of heterogeneous resources as a basis,cooperation and symbiosis as an intermediary,dynamic innovation as a tool and brand ecology as a guide,which creates a structural and sustainable excess profits,thus constructing the competitive advantage for industrial clusters.(3)The formation of industrial cluster ecosystem is a gradual improvement process.The change of the type and scale of ecological rent is the fundamental driving force for the industrial cluster ecosystem from the initial stage to the growth stage and then to the maturity and transition periods(or recession reconstruction period).Ricardo rent is the starting point and Richard rent is the peak for realizing the competitive advantage of industrial cluster ecosystem.Based on the practical case of the leather industry cluster in Shiling Town,Huadu District of Guangzhou,this paper constructs a system dynamics model to simulate the theoretical understanding of the ecological rent change in the process of industrial cluster ecosystem evolution.The simulation results basically verify the theoretical understanding of ecological rent's formation mechanism and characteristics of different stages.(4)Although the formation and evolution of the industrial cluster ecosystem is mainly a spontaneous process in the market,appropriate government policy guidance can accelerate the formation of cluster ecosystem and increase the scale of ecological rent.For example,in the growth period,ecological rent is mainly derived from Schumpeter rent.The government should increase its support for innovation in industrial clusters,and encourage high-quality innovation resources outside the clusters to set up a platform for industry-university cooperation in the clusters,so as to establish the long-term cooperation mechanism with the enterprises in the clusters to promote clusters' dynamic innovation.In the mature period,relationship rent and Richard rent are the main sources of ecological rent.Local government should strengthen the relationship among the main bodies in the clusters through incentive policies and leading policies.At the same time,cluster brand is a public product,the government should invest resources to shape cluster brand consciously,so as to increase the scale of Richard rent. |
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