Marx's Labor Thought

Labor is the premise of human existence,plays a decisive role in the formation of human beings,creates all the achievements of civilization for the development of human beings.However,people don't know enough about that labor attaches to human beings,and plays an important role in the history of human formation and development.Marx summed up the views and opinions of predecessors in labor,highlighted the basic position and important role of labor in the development of human history,and took it as the starting point of historical materialism to launch a philosophical revolution,which drew a clear line from the previous old materialist and idealist views of history.Aiming at the "disastrous" labor under the capitalist production conditions in reality,he creatively used the concept of "alienated labor",proposed "eliminating labor",and took the realization of "free labor" as the fundamental purpose of labor liberation,thus forming the labor thought as the cornerstone of Marx's theory.For Marx,labor is not an instrumental activity dominated by natural necessity,but a "free and conscious activity" of human beings.Not entertainment and amusement,but a very serious matter for human beings.Marx's labor thought is the unification of world outlook,ontology,epistemology and methodology.It is not only the foundation of the world but also provides a way to understand the world and find a way to change the reality of the world.As the cornerstone of historical materialism,labor explains the basis of the development of world history,explains the general law of human historical development,and scientifically reveals that capitalism must be more in line with the historical development of human society instead of the social form of "iron law";As the basis of political and economic criticism,Marx expounded the real connotation of labor theory of value and demonstrated the basic significance of labor as a method to transform the world through its duality.Therefore,Marx's thought of labor laid a solid theoretical foundation for revealing the exploitation secret of capitalist society--surplus theory of value,and determined the path and direction for seeking the conditions of liberation and the potential of revolution under capitalist production conditions.By carefully sorting out Marx's related discussions in labor concept,this paper reveals the basic connotation of labor concept,and expounds the formation process and content essence of Marx's labor thought.By returning to Marx's philosophy itself,we can see the historical role of labor in creating human beings from the perspective of "how the world is possible".By exploring Marx's thought in labor,the revolutionary spirit and practical significance of Marx's thought in labor are elucided.In the collision of various philosophical thoughts in modern and contemporary times,we should view the revolutionary role of labor in changing the world from the perspective of "how is human liberation possible",and truly grasp the position and role of labor thought in Marxist philosophy.Besides the introduction,the research is divided into five parts:The first part examines the historical background and theoretical source of formation of Marx's labor thought.There are two parts: first,the historical background of Marx and the road of his self-growth.Marx's thought of labor was born in the turbulent European revolutionary era,and Marx was deeply influenced by the German classical philosophy.When facing the reality and unable to liberate the actual problems,he stepped out of the Hegel philosophy base and began to look for the potential and power of human liberation in the civil society.Second,from the perspective of the development history of philosophy,this paper analyzes the influence of national economists and traditional western philosophers on Marx's thought of labor.As the outstanding representatives of classical economics,Adam Smith and David Ricardo deeply inspired Marx with their reflections in labor.As the first philosopher who really considered labor as a philosophical category,Hegel's profound thought in labor had a great influence on Marx.The second part examines and analyzes the beginning of Marx's labor thought--alienated labor.Through the interpretation of the historical process of the production,essence and suiting of alienated labor,this paper explores the root of Marx's philosophical revolution.Starting from the fact of national economy,Marx reveals the reality of labor alienation in capitalist society,and through the analysis of this reality,finds the root of alienated labor--private property.The process of alienation is brewing the power of suiting and discarding alienation,and communism is the active suiting and discarding of alienated labor.Marx's analysis of alienated labor transcends the classical economics' understanding of labor.In the process of seeking the realistic path and the realistic power of sublating and discarding alienated labor,Hegel's labor thought was surpassed,thus a philosophical revolution was launched and his labor thought reached a new historical height on the ontological principle.The third part explains the relationship between Marx's historical materialism and labor thought.Historical materialism made Marx clear up his previous philosophical beliefs,drew a clear line with idealism and all the old materialism,and scientifically discovered the law of the development of human history.The establishment of historical materialism established labor as the starting point of historical materialism,determined the labor as the basic status of human existence,confirmed the function that labor develops in human history.Therefore,the establishment of historical materialism provides a realistic foundation for Marx's labor thought and a solid philosophical foundation for the maturity of labor thought.The fourth part discusses the mark of the maturity of Marx's labor thought--labor theory of value.Before Marx,labor theory of value has been basically formed and has been examined and criticized for a long time,but it has not reached the scientific standard.Using the concept of labor and historical materialism,Marx criticized the previous labor theory of value with a high degree of ontology and established a scientific labor theory of value.The labor theory of value reveals the law of economic movement in capitalist society,thus demonstrating the inevitable historical trend of the emergence,development and demise of capitalism.The establishment of labor theory of value has laid a solid theoretical foundation for another great discovery of Marx--surplus value theory,thus revealing the secret of capitalist exploitation and providing iron "evidence" for demonstrating the historical trend of the inevitable demise of capitalism.The fifth part demonstrates the value of Marx's labor thought in questioning and heckling with the method of comparative interpretation.Marx's thought of labor has been questioned and criticized since its birth.Some people think that Marx pushed labor to the highest point,which was far from the original meaning of politics and violated the political principle of freedom.Marx's theory of labor liberation is actually a theoretical illusion,and criticizing capitalist society in the illusion is the proof of the ideology of the real society.In order to respond to the questioning and questioning of Marx's labor thought,the author selected two thinkers,Hannah Arendt and Jean Baudrillard,and analyzed their misunderstanding of Marx's labor thought by examining their action theory and symbolic exchange theory.This paper chooses Antonio Negri as the inheriting and persisting in Marx's thought of labor to criticize the tradition of political economy and reflects on his limitations.Starting from the contemporary perspective of Marx's thought in labor,this paper reveals the value orientation of Marx's thought in labor,and points out that labor liberation is the fundamental realistic path for people's free and comprehensive development,thus highlighting the contemporary significance of Marx's thought in labor.By analyzing the logical generation of Marx's thought in labor,this paper aims to expound that Marx's thought in labor is a complete whole and plays an extremely important role in Marx's theory.It is rigorous and scientific critical,and revolutionary characteristics with a distinct class division.The main innovations of this paper are as follows: first,Marx launched a philosophical revolution through his thought of labor.Marx's thought of labor changed the ontological study of traditional philosophy,explained the existence of "how the world is possible" with labor,and further explained "how the world can be changed" with labor liberation.Second,Marx's labor thought contains labor dialectics.Most scholars believe that Marx identified labor as "conscious life activity" as the human essence,and thus put forward the suspension of alienated labor,which is a kind of humanist value as the premise,in fact,just a "copy" of Feuerbach 's criticism of religion.This paper thinks that Marx put forward the "conscious life activities",from the different performance between human and animal in terms of labor,it is not a value suspension,but the embodiment of fact.Suiting and discarding the reality of alienated labor is not only a simple restoration of "conscious life activities",but also the realization of "free labor" at a higher level,so as to realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings.