| Purpose:Guangdong,existing in the core region of Lingnan,where unique geographical advantages are found,is lying on the coastal area of China.In Guangdong,landscape of southeastern part is higher than that in the northwestern part.It is located in the area between subtropical zone and tropical zone.There is a shorter period of winter and a relatively longer period of summer.Climate of Guangdong is generally humid with warm temperature.Thus,most people living there prefer to eat seafood and drink cold beverages,which gradually destroy their spleen and stomach,and thereby their blood circulation.As a result,spleen and stomach diseases,including functional dyspepsia,stomach pain,acute and chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric cancer,gastroesophageal reflux,etc.,which are digestive diseases,as well as intestinal diseases,such as constipation,bloating,stomach ache,become common and severe in Guangdong.In this article,systematical observation and classification of literature and cases of diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases by traditional Chinese medical practitioners in the Lingnan region of the ancient times,and focused on the analysis of various academic ideas,clinical syndromes,governance principles,and clinical prescriptions.The clinical case studies were used to verify the treatment of each physician.The thought provides an empirical reference for the clinical dialectical treatment of spleen and stomach diseases.Method:This study would investigate and discuss about the curing methods and medicines used through concluding Lingnan’s thoughts and medical professional experiences of healing spleen and stomach diseases.Literature research of documents and discussions on theories will be presented in this study.Methods of analyzing documents and references include searching of professional papers,collecting information,identifying and digesting information.The methods of discussing and commenting on the theories include proper using of data,clear elaboration,clinical interpretation,etc.,based on the original information collected.Useful information is collected from respective books and documentation,and Modern Guangdong professionals’ theories employed in this study would be chosen from professionals whose sources of information can be checked and proved.This article also takes the list of National old Chinese medicine expert academic experience inheritance work mentor released by the Ministry of Health,Ministry of Personnel and Chinese Medicine Authority as reference.The list is based on a large collection of documents and books,and chooses the theories presented by doctors with reputation and analyze their documentation and academically experience.The details of the methodology are as follow:Chapter one of general theories will present and introduce the forming and development of Lingnan’s medical studies,as well as modern researches made towards spleen and stomach diseases.Chapter two discusses about the modern development of the study of Linganan Chinese medical professionals,which will be concluded through collection and analysis of information,including the etiology,diagnosis and treatment methods,etc.At last part of Chapter two,the features of how doctors cure spleen and stomach diseases will also be concluded.Chapter three to five will illustrate the development of diagnosis and treatment toward spleen and stomach diseases from the past until now in Lingnan region in chronological order.In the Chapter six,based on the previous three chapters,it will further study more cases,and thus understand more about treatment and medicine applied in Lingnan.More information,such as photo copy of books in Yuan,Ming,Qing,involved in this study,will be shown in the appendix.Achievement:As early as more than 2,000 years ago,< The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic> proposed the physiological functions,etiology,pathogenesis,treatment and prevention of the spleen and stomach,which has laid a theoretical foundation for the spleen and stomach theory.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhongjing’s <Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases > elaborated the syndrome differentiation guidelines for spleen-stomach diseases and laid the foundation for clinical treatment of spleen and stomach.At the time of Jin Yuan and Li Dongyuan,he established the Theory of the Spleen and Stomach,and created the theory of spleen and stomach internal injuries.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,due to the rise of the Warm and tonify faction and the Epidemic faction,the spleen and stomach theory developed rapidly.The Ming physicians attached great importance to protecting the spleen and stomach yang,and most of them were Li Dongyuan.Zhang Jingyue spoke on the theory of spleen and stomach of Li Dongyuan,emphasizing that he should pay attention to spleen and stomach and kidney yang,pay attention to succession,and make good use of sweet and warm in syndrome differentiation and treatment.It highlights the spleen and stomach and kidney fate,especially kidney fate,and deepens the study of the theory of life.Zhang’s academic views influenced the Lingnan physicians in the Qing Dynasty,including Xie Wanqing,Liu Yuan,and Huang Yan.They all relied on the treatment of spleen-stomach ailments and formed a strong contrast with He Mengyao’s assertion of unbiased academic thinking.In the Qing Dynasty,Ye Tianshi,an epidemiologist,not only inherited the theory of Li Dongyuan to enrich the spleen and yang,but also elaborated the theory of splitting the spleen and the stomach,and first established the syndrome of stomach yin.In the late Qing dynasty,Lingnan physician Pan Mingxiong was a representative figure of Lingnan faction of Temperament,inherited Ye Tianshi’s academic thoughts,carried forward his experience in diagnosis and treatment of drugs,and combined his own clinical experience to write a theory about the treatment of spleen and stomach.In modern times,due to the introduction of western medicine,some doctors adopted the research methods of combining Chinese and Western medicine and used modern scientific methods to explore spleen-stomach diseases.The modern Lingnan physicians mainly focus on the diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases.They use western medicine instruments to help check and perform surgical treatment to increase the cure rate.The earliest documentation about spleen and stomach diseases can be traced back in Jin Dynasty.With the passage of time and advances in diagnostic methods,the diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases developed rapidly in the Qing Dynasty and laid a good foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases in modern Chinese medicine.Several famous physicians emerged to promote the diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases in modern times.The Jin Dynasty was the early stage of the development of spleen and stomach diseases.It represented Ge Hong advocated "Qigong Health" to achieve the effect of preventing diseases.In addition,massage and acupuncture are also one of the characteristics of contemporary treatment of spleen and stomach diseases.During the Tang Dynasty,healers selected medications by identifying the causes of spleen and stomach diseases.The physicians of the Song Dynasty further deepened the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of the spleen-stomach diseases,which enabled the diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases to have a more systematic and complete management system.They also prescribed remedies according to the symptoms of the pathogenesis,especially in the treatment of pediatric spleen-stomach diseases,and also fingerprinted examinations.The physicians of the Yuan Dynasty explored the causes of spleen-stomach disease from the location of the patient’s location and eating habits,and found ways to prevent and treat it.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases in the Lingnan region was a major breakthrough.The physicians of the Ming and Qing Dynasties summarized the experience of previous generations and systematically elaborated the syndromes of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome,including etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and treatment and drug use.Highlighting the central position of spleen and stomach in Damp fever promotes the formation of the theory of Spleen and Stomach Damp-Heat Syndrome.Lingnan doctors not only further elucidated the pathogenesis of spleen-stomach diseases through dialectical treatment,but also used scientific and rational medications to emerge many outstanding medical doctors.All physicians have formed their own characteristics of the theory and clinical experience for the modern Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach disease has laid a good foundation for development.Modern Lingnan medical science has evolved along with the socio-political,economic,and cultural changes in the academic school of Lingnan medical schools with different disciplines and styles.Over the years of reform and opening up,the economy of Guangdong Province has continued to develop quickly and soundly,and the people’s living standards have continuously improved,laying a foundation for the development of Chinese medicine.A solid material foundation has made contemporary Lingnan medicines flourish.The modern lingnan physicians’ ideology of diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases is characterized by comprehensiveness and the main features of Huitong.Looking at the Ming and Qing Dynasties doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach,they all have their own theories and characteristics.Due to the rise of the warm and tonify faction during the Ming Dynasty,Zhang Jingyue was the main medical doctor.Based on Li Dongxi’s theory of spleen and stomach,he emphasized that in the treatment of syndrome differentiation,he should pay attention to spleen and stomach and kidney yang,pay attention to successive days,and make good use of sweet and warm’s medicine,highlighting the spleen and stomach and kidney life,especially kidney fate,and deepening his life.Theoretical research.Zhang’s academic views influenced the Lingnan physicians in the Qing Dynasty,including Xie Wanqing,Liu Yuan,and Huang Yan.They all relied on the treatment of spleen-stomach diseases and formed a strong contrast with He Mengyao’s academic ideas at that time.As revealed from the above documents,it is shown that etiology of spleen and stomach diseases in Lingnan region mainly comes from environment,diet,emotions,etc.Diseases can be classified into different types,and be cured with heterogeneous methods.The procedures of treatment include diagnosis,use of appropriate medicine,observation of tongue and pulse etc.Lingnan’s medical development has inherited the spirits which emphasized on accurate diagnosis,practice,flexibility on use of medicine and drawing on the spot.Through the long history of curing relevant diseases,Lingnan has developed a system of unique theories.For people with stomach pain,abnormal stool,chest tightness,etc.,dispersing stagnated liver Qi for relieving qi stagnation is needed.Appropriate medicine,such as citrus,codonopsis,bupleurum,can be applied.Observations obtained from researches form the documents are exceptionally vital for medical development.As revealed from the statistical analysis of 127 cases,it was found that most of the patients had stomach cramps,abnormal stools,chest tightness,acid reflux,abdominal distension,etc.,and their treatment was mainly based on relieving liver and relieving phlegm.As a supplementary in the use of prescriptions,they would use more citrus peel,Atractylodes,Codonopsis,Poria,Astragalus,Chinese yam Pinellia,licorice,Bupleurum,Fritillaria,Amomum,Divine Comedy,Coix Seed,Angelica,turmeric,Desmodium,Angelica,etc.and the drugs are mostly ‘cool’ and ‘mild’ in nature.The selected 15 typical cases of spleen and stomach diseases can fully represent the common and multiple spleen-stomach conditions in Lingnan area.It can be found in its etiology,pathogenesis,disease characteristics,medication guidance,and prognosis protection.Chinese medicine treatment of spleen and stomach disease provided clinical experience.In arranging the experience of diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases by a number of famous physicians,it has been found that their respective diagnosis and treatment methods,medication characteristics,and prognostic nursing guidance fully embody the characteristics of spleen-stomach treatment of the famous Chinese medicine practitioners in Lingnan.Seeking common ground while reserving differences,that is,inheriting the experience of seniors and the essence of theory,has innovated their own ideas and enriched the clinical research on the treatment of spleen-gastric diseases by Chinese medicine.The appendix has included 13 photos of the captioned books.These books enhance the intuitive understanding of Lingnan medicine in the form of pictures and visual learning.Conclusion:The history of studying spleen and stomach in our county is very long,with different professionals and concepts.They can all be combined together to form consummate system of theories.The Lingnan region has its special geographical location and environmental factors,leading to the appearance of “damp-heat” in the spleen and stomach syndrome.This article summarizes the methods and prescriptions of the name of the old Chinese doctors in the Lingnan region for diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach diseases.However,many doctors in the field of diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases have their own characteristics and innovations.Different syndromes of spleen-stomach diseases have corresponding prescriptions.It is necessary to establish reasonable treatment plans on the basis of adequately analyzing syndromes.However,in general,the spleen-stomach diseases in Lingnan have the following features: First,the environment in southern Lingnan is hot and humid,and the locals are prone to spleen and stomach diseases caused by dampness and heat.Second,the spleen and stomach have important interrelationships with other organs,and the spleen and stomach should be emphasized during the treatment process.The dialectical thought of purifying turbidity and viscera,qi and blood,and yin and yang of the viscera,qi,and blood are finally promoted.In the end,each Chinese doctor has its own commonly used and unapplied prescriptions in the use of medicines,but each medicinal material uses less heat,but is more like cool and mild in nature.The medical practitioners seek common ground while reserving differences in the treatment of spleen-stomach diseases,that is,inheriting the experience of seniors and the essence of theory,and innovating their own thoughts,and they are of guiding significance in the treatment of spleen-gastric diseases by Chinese medicine. |
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