Ecological Compensation For Soil And Water Conservation Based On Sediment And Water Replacement

Sediment and water replacement is a new idea to solve the problem of soil erosion control of the Ten Tributaries in Inner Mongolia and new industrial water demand in Ordos as a whole.The basic idea is that the industrial enterprises with new water demand will invest to build check dams in the Ten Tributaries,so as to obtain a certain volume of water for sediment transport saved in the lower reaches of the Yellow River as production water.The implementation of sediment and water replacement is of great practical significance for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Based on the relevant theories and researches of soil and water conservation,ecology,institutional economics,hydrology and water resources,this paper adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis to carry out research from both technical and economic aspects,and puts forward the path and method of sediment and water replacement through ecological compensation,which is verified by an example.(1)Through combining the construction of check dams with water rights trading,to construct the ecological compensation mode for soil and water conservation based on sediment and water replacement in theory,which the key link is to design and implement the water transactions under sediment and water replacement.(2)SWAT model is used to quantitatively simulate the impact of check dams on the process of water and sediment in a basin,and water and sediment reduction by check dams is calculated based on the simulation results.(3)Through water and sediment simulation analysis for the basin,empirical formula method is used to calculate the replacement water volume from sediment reduction by check dams.(4)To calculate the ecological compensation standard for soil and water conservation based on sediment and water replacement by using engineering cost method.(5)According to the characteristics of sediment and water replacement,the water rights trading mechanism is introduced to design the water transactions under sediment and water replacement,and the corresponding trading mechanism and safeguard measures are proposed.(6)Taking Xiliugou Basin as an example,the rationality and feasibility of ecological compensation for soil and water conservation based on sediment and water replacement was verified.According to the calculation,under the most likely combination of 25 years series of run-off and sediment condition for the main stream of the Yellow River and Ten tributaries,to build 79 sets of check dams can reduce the runoff and sediment transport into the Yellow River by 2.8822 million m3 and1.3853 million tons per year.The average service life of the check dams is 28 years,and the average volume of water for sediment transport can be saved by 11.7351 million m3 per year.The ecological compensation standard for soil and water conservation calculated on the basis of project construction investment is 229.3493 million yuan.It is set that the annual tradable water volume by sediment and water replacement is 10 million m3/a,and the transaction period is 25 years,the benchmark price range of the water transactions under sediment and water replacement is 0.92 Yuan/m3·a to 1.52 Yuan/m3·a by using the cost pricing method and shadow price method to calculate.The study shows that the construction of check dams in the areas of rich and coarse sediment,especially in the areas with concentrated source of coarse sediment in the Yellow River Basin,can reduce the siltation of the main stream,and thus save the water volume of sediment transport in the lower reaches.Although part of the runoff into the main stream is also intercepted while retaining the sediment,the saved water volume of sediment transport is far greater than the reduced water by check dams,so it can be considered to increase the available water resources of the Yellow River Basin.This is the basis for implementing ecological compensation for water and soil conservation based on sediment and water replacement.The implementation of ecological compensation for soil and water conservation based on sediment and water replacement is conducive to achieving the dual goals of regional ecological protection and sustainable economic,as well as social development and the win-win of relevant stakeholders.