Conflict And Adjustment Between Formal And Informal System In Collective Forest Right Reform

The central government document no.1 from 2006 to 2017(excluding 2011)defined the reform of collective forest rights system as an important content and major measure to deepen the rural reform.In 2008,the central government issued the opinions of the CPC central committee and the state council on comprehensively promoting the reform of collective forest right system,which marked that China’s collective forest entered a new round of reform practice.In May 2017,general secretary Xi Jinping fully affirmed the practical results of the reform of collective forest right system in Fujian province,and instructed that the ecological environment and people’s income should be organically unified through deepening the reform of collective forest,showing the great importance of collective forest reform from the central and national levels.In the process of the new round collective forest,there are more than 10 million basic level cadre who has directly or indirectly participated in.On one hand,collective forest changes the effective growth that promoted forestry resources,promoted farmers to add employment,promote basic level manages to move toward harmony in forest areas.However,the transfer of forest rights needs to be standardized,financing problems need to be solved,organizational mechanisms need to be broken,and ecological forest management needs to be innovated.On the other hand,in addition to the definition and regulation of collective forest reform by state formal system,informal systems such as forestry customary law and human relationship logic have also been playing a role in the village practice process of formal system.The collective forest right system,which originated from the "implementation" of the national policy promoted from bottom to top by farmers,is a process of mutual infiltration,mutual influence and mutual adjustment between formal and informal systems.Through the "collective forest right system reform monitoring" survey data of the state forestry administration as the basis,selecting the interview to the staff of grass-roots county,township and town government departments of books on the reform of forestry knowledge of the state academy of forestry administration,and other related survey data.This paper focuses on the process of collective forest reform in village practice and analyzes the adaptation and matching between collective forest reform formal system and village informal system in the process of system practice.Based on individual cognition and action,this paper analyzes the game between collective forest reform formal system and informal system.This paper tries to construct a theoretical framework to explain the conflict and adjustment between formal system and informal system from the perspective of grassroots individuals.Firstly,the historical path of the formal system in collective forest right reform is analyzed,and the concrete composition of the informal system in village area is analyzed.By observing the places where the formal and informal systems don’t fit,not match and not connect in the collective forest reform,explain the conflicts and reasons between the formal and informal systems,and how the two systems are adjusted to each other.To explore the role and function of the main body of system implementation,the grass-roots individual,the cognition and participation of village forest-farmers on the system of forest reform,the rational choice of informal system,and the "semi-formalization" governance and rational application of grassroots cadres on the formal system of collective forest reform,to explain the game between grass-roots bodies under the formal and informal system.The basic viewpoints and conclusions of this paper are as follows: in the practice process of village area,the formal system of collective forest reform and the informal system of village area also exist and conflict with each other,showing their respective advantages and disadvantages.Their high and low collocation,one after another,implied different governance mode.Neither the formal system of collective forest reform nor the informal system of village can solve the problem of undocking in the process of collective forest reform.Formal and informal are needed to be "hand in hand" to achieve common governance.The combination of the two is not only "reasonable",but also needs to be adjusted and explore the path of adjustment.It is found that as individual,famers,elites,and grassroots cadres had understanding and flexible operation to collective forest reform,carried on the reasonable choice and capital utilization to the informal institution,made the formal and informal institution experienced a dynamic docking and match.This paper puts forward the perspective of individual cognitive action to reveal the problems and solutions in the practice of collective forest right reform and provides a new way to study the relationship between the practice of social actors and institutional change.In addition,it puts forward that on the basis of non-mandatory mode,through quasi-formal operation mode,the standard should be determined first,so that fair people can make policy adaptation and "policy realization" in a reasonable way.It explores the formal and informal,high and low collocation of hand in hand governance model.