Research Of Dairy Manure Compost Compressing Into Sunstrate And Its Effects On Seedling

Dairy manure and rice straw as a source of agricultural pollution are a threat to the natural environment.In addition,the peat is the swamp converts plant residues accumulation of organic mineral resources,for its some characteristics such as rich of organic matter and fiber,good porous and air permeability,which is a good cultivation matrix and widely used in agricultural production.But because of its non-renewable,and a large number of mining also is irreversible effects to the ecological environment.If make the dairy manure be rotten appropriately,and compressed these into substrates,the compressed substrates can maintain the inherent shape during seedling and with these being used in seedling production which is not only replace the plastic hole tray and partly replace peat as the substrate for reducing the pollution to the environment,but also will does not hurt roots when transplanting.The experiments ia aimed to achieve resource utilization of organic wastes and the extra income.The main research conclusions are as follows:Firstly,in order to evaluate the dairy manure compost whether is suitable as the substrate for seedling production.Fresh dairy manure and rice straw as raw materials were mixed with three ratios of 9:1,7:1and 4:1 for composting in plastic greenhouse.It demonstrates that the temperature of three composting groups above 55 ℃ were over 13 d in composting process,that bulk density of three composting groups were 0.133 g/cm3,0.130 g/cm3 and 0.126 g/cm3,total porosity of 78.16%,77.95% and 77.86%,respectively.The cation exchange capacity(CEC)of three composting groups were 71.26 coml/kg,67.49 coml/ kg,66.28 coml/kg,the above indexes agree with the requirement of crop cultivation matrix,and that practical value germination index(GI)of these three groups is respectively 105%,114% and 117% illustrate composts is rotten.The compost(4:1)was significantly higher than that 9:1,7:1 compost group and 100% peat group in cucumber seedling stem thickness,plant height,the fresh weight of biomass on the ground.So the 4:1 compost can be substitute as peat for the cultivation substrate.Then,to explore feasibility of manure compost material for seedling on vegetables,manure compost,vermicompost,peat,vermiculite,perlite,biochar were respectively mixed with one or several by volume,cucumbers as indicating material.It investigates that the appropriate manure composting material added can significantly improve the substrate porosity,aeration porosity,major nutrients(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,etc.),p H and conductivity EC value and et al;that suitable amount of manure composting material having a advantageous on the growth of cucumber seedlings.In summary,manure composting material is rich in primary nutrients and can substitute for peat in substrates for cucumber seedling production,but it needs to adjust its p H and makes the substrate slightly acidic.Vermicompost could be as a single substrate for seedling production.To study the influence of different formula for seedling,the aerobic compost and vermicompost from cow dung were respectively mixed with peat,water absorption resin and wood vinegar as compressed substrates for the cucumber seedling production,four factors three levels orthogonal experiment were produced: levels of the aerobic compost and vermicompost were respectively 3L,4L and 5L;levels of peat were 1L,2L and 3L;levels of water absorption resin were 27 m L,54 m L and 81 m L;levels of wood vinegar were 30 m L,60 m L and 90 m L,the cucumber was the indicator plant.It showed that expansion properties,broken rate and damage rate after seedling period of different compressed substrates obtained from cow dung aerobic compost were better than that of compressed substrates constituted of cow dung vermicompost,and expansion coefficient would be increasing with the levels of the aerobic compost increasing,but The opposite trend occurred in the broken rate and damage rate.However,the p H,EC value of different compressed substrates obtained from cow dung aerobic compost were higher,so the emergence rate,stem diameter and plant height of the seedlings in different cow dung aerobic compost compressed substrates were worse,the emergence rate,stem diameter and plant height of the seedlings were increased when the usage of vermicompost increased.A set of suitable formulas for seedling and compressing were determined: the two main raw materials were respectively mixed with peat at rough ratio 57.14%~60.00% by volume;27m L of expansive agent in compressed substrates were mixed with 5L~6L of total material,60 m L of wood vinegar liquid were mixed with 7L of total material in formulas of aerobic composts,but the ratio of that in vermicompost was 18 m L to 1L.To optimize the ratio of compost,peat,rice straw and vermicompost,the compost was mixed with peat on different ratios as compressed substrates for seedling production.Results demonstrated the proportion of compost and peat was 1:1by volume.The vermicompost,straw,and peat are conducted in the compressed substrates,and the effect of individual component and the corresponding optimal ratio for the seedling production are significant.To address these issues,the simplex-centroid experimental mixture design is employed,and the cucumber seedling experiment is conducted to evaluate the compressed substrates.Results demonstrated that the mechanical strength and physicochemical properties of compressed substrates for cucumber seedling can be well satisfied with suitable mixture ratio of the components.Moreover,and peat)could be determined at 0.5917: 0.1608: 0.2475 when the weight coefficients of the three parameters(shoot length,root dry weight and aboveground dry weight)were 1: 1: 1.For different purpose,the optimum ratio can be little changed on the base of different weight coefficient.The two kinds of compressed substrate were irrigated in soak irrigation or different gradient micro spray irrigation,and discussing the migration of TN,TP,TK on different irrigation condition in compressed substrates for vegetable seedling production.Results show that two kinds of compressed substrates could be irrigated sufficiently and washed,and the desalt effect of compressed substrates was relatively small under soak irrigation.Although the desalt effect and nutrient loss of compressed substrates were both smaller under the minimum gradient of micro spray irrigation T2(350m L)or TS2(700m L)than that under soak irrigation,these compressed substrates could not have been irrigated sufficiently which would hinder the growth of seedlings.With micro spray irrigation,the loss of TN,TP and TK in compressed substrates were higher than that in compressed substrates under soak irrigation,and then it went gradually higher with the increase of gradient in micro spray irrigation.Based on the conclusion above,for the compost of compressed substrates,because of its higher electric conductivity,the electric conductivity of compressed substrates were not normal until compressed substrates had been irrigated for the sixth time,so compressed substrates of the compost was ought to be irrigated using T4(1050m L)for 6 times,and then transfer the micro spray irrigation to soak irrigation until the end of the seedling stage which could not only promote the growth of seedlings but also save the irrigating water and decrease the loss of TN,TP and TK in compressed substrate.However,for the suitable electric conductivity of vermicompost,it was just needed to consider the loss of TN,TP and TK in compressed substrates.So the compressed substrates of vermicompost was ought to be irrigated with soak irrigation.Under these conditions,the maximum of thick stems,plant height,dry weight of seedling above ground and dry weight of seedling root were 6.23 mm,138.09 mm,758.85 mg and 147.92 mg at the 26 th day after seeding,respectively.