| Coix lacryma-jobi L.has been used as food,medicine.The adlay seed(Chinese name:YiYiRen)is the dried ripe kernel of Coix and has anti-oxidize and anti-tumor activity,lower blood sugar and enhance immunity.Coix has been known as "the cereal of health and life"and has been take more and more seriously value due to its high nutritional and medicinal value.To carry out the identification and evaluation of genetic diversity of Coix germplasm,the value analysis of nutrition and medicine among Coix resources,the high-quality selection and creation of Coix varieties has a great significance for Coix cultivar breeding and industrial development.In this thesis,the seed characteristics and agronomic traits of the of 90 Coix germplasm resources were analyzed;the genetic diversity of Coix and DNA fingerprinting were carried based the SRAP markers;the differences of antioxidant capacity and inhibition of hydroxyl radical among germplasm resources were detected;the difference of oil contents among germplasm,different parts of pant and different storage time were determined;the nutritional quality before and after germination were compared;the characteristics of Coix flower and selenium-enriched mutants induced by radiation were investigated.Main results and conclusions were as follows:(1)The analysis of seed characteristics and agronomic traits of 90 Coix germplasm resources showed that there were significantly differences on seeds characteristics of Coix germplasm(P<0.01),but were not necessarily linkage with the sampling locations.The involucre weight has highly significant correlation with the involucre hardness,the involucre width,the involucre aspect ratio,the caryopsis weight,the caryopsis thickness and the weight difference between involucre and caryopsis in 11 seed traits.The 11 agronomic traits could be divided into four principal components:plant type,tillering,grains and leaf,and the plant type and tiller component were more important factors.Canonical correlation analysis showed that the agronomic traits and seed traits has reached 66.78 percent of the total information.The yield of coix has mainly influenced by involucre weight,caryopsis weight and the beginning fruiting branches.Used seed traits and agronomic traits,90 percent of Coix germplasm resources could be divided into four categories with Cluster analysis.The results could be reference for genetic diversity and classification of Coix germplasm by molecular markers.The studies on tillering characteristics of typical of germplasm have shown that there were differences in plant height,daily growth,and tiller numbers between wild species and cultivars of Coix.The wild Coix had better growth potential,tillering ability than cultivars,and demonstrated strong vegetative growth capability.(2)Coix SRAP-PCR optimal reaction system was established by orthogonal design.90 coix germplasm were amplified by 26 primers combinations which screened from 88 SRAP primers combinations.There were 157 polymorphism bands which amplified from 185 bands,accounting for 84.86%of the total germplasm,showing great diversity that 90 Coix germplasm.The genetic diversity of 90 Coix germplasm resources were analyzed by SRAP markers and divided into four categories which similar to the Cluster analysis result of the seed traits and agronomic traits.The origin and evolution of the Coix in Fujian province were analyzed by software.The results were shown that Job’s tears started to spread from Longyan,and gradually evolved into new types.A DNA fingerprints map with 90 resources of Coix was primary constructed.(3)The optimal extraction process of Coix total antioxidants capacity was optimized by orthogonal design.The total antioxidants capacity of 90 Coix germplasm resources were extracted by the optimal process.The analysis on total antioxidant capacity and the inhibition the hydroxyl radical have shown that were differences in 90 Coix germplasm resources.The total antioxidant capacities of No.1 germplasm is the highest(763.90u/g)and is 3.41 times of the lowest(No.50,223.90u/g).The inhibitions of hydroxyl radical interval of NO.3 is the highest(423.31u/g)and is 2.74 times of the lowest(NO.30,154.63u/g).(4)The difference of oil contents among germplasm,different parts of pant.The detection of oil content in 90 Coix germplasm resources were showed that,there were different among germplasm(P<0.05).No.22 had the highest oil contents of 9.98%,and was 2.41 times of the lowest contents germplasm(No.38,4.15%).There were significantly different(P<0.01)in different parts of plant with the detection of 5 Coix germplasm oil content.The highest is the seeds,with an average of 8.50%,followed by leaf,an average of 1.93%,then shells and stems,roots is the lowest,only 0.47%.With the UV spectroscope scanning,the absorption peak near 230nm of fatty acids(linoleic acid)had difference among 5 Coix germplasm.No.52 and No.6 had higher absorption peak,indicating a high content of conjugated linoleic acid.(5)germination and different storage time effects on Coix quality.The antioxidant capacity,oil,total soluble sugar and reducing sugar content of 5 Coix germplasm were measured in germination process.The results were shown that 5 cultivars’total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of hydroxyl radical were shown a up-down-up trends in germinated from 0 to 108h and had a slightly difference when reached the highest value.The content of total soluble sugars and reducing sugar of Coix had rise with the prolongation of the germination time,including the fast growth of the total soluble sugar content,and slow growth of the reducing sugar content.No.65’s had 5.29%total soluble sugar content after germinated 108h,which is 5.94 times the pre-germination.The oil contents were shown a up-down trends in germination.The storage time of Coix seed has a great impact on oil content.After one year of storage,Coix Seed oil content reduced from 0.081(the freshly harvested seeds)to 0.0605 at 25.3%reduction.After 2 years of storage,the content felled to 0.0524,reducing 35.3%.(6)With the radiation of 60Co-γ,we had selected 4 selenium-enriched mutants from offspring of radiation with the selenium fertilizer,Pubian 1,Pubian 2,Pubian 3 and Pubian 4.The selenium content of mutants’ brown rice(9.96、9.04、8.26、7.81)was significantly higher than wild types(CK、3.41)for 1.92、1.65、1.42 and 1.29 times.The selenium content of mutants’ milled rice(9.46、8.80、8.15、7.41)also higher than wild types(3.27)for 1.89、1.69、1.49 and 1.26 times.Also hundred kernel weights of mutants were significantly higher than that of wild types for 15%.Meanwhile,coix had shown 7 flower mutants.Mutants had differences in morphological characteristics,flowering patterns,stigma receptivity,and low bagged selfing seed setting rate.Male sterility(stamens)flowers organ mutant was obtained by radiation mutagenesis,This provides an important parent materials for future Coix cross-breeding and large-scale seed production. 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