On Organization And Operations Of International Container Transport

China Railway Express has been in operation since 2011,by the end of 2018,the China Railway Express has accumulated more than 12,000 trains,and 56 domestic cities operated to 49 cities in 15 countries in Europe.At the same time of the rapid development of China Railway Express,there have been problems such as high costs and insufficient supply of backhaul trips.At present,the high costs and insufficient supply of backhaul trips of China Railway Express result in most China Railway Express lines requiring government subsidies to maintain operations.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the impact analysis of the China Railway Express generalized cost structure and impact factors of the backhaul transport organization to develop a reasonable and effective development strategy to promote the healthy development of China Railway Express.On the basis of deep analysis of the existing researches,firstly,the paper constructs a generalized cost function for inernational container transport,and through the model calculation,the impact of time and financial expenses on the transportation organization of international container intermodal trains is analyzed.Secondly,we construct a competitive index model of international container transport based on the value of cargo to analyze the current type of cargo for China Railway Express,and analyze the influence of various factors on the competitiveness of China Railway Express.Finally,we construct the profit analysis model of the whole process of China Railway Expresse with the consideration of the relationship between backhaul transportation price and transportation volume.It can measure the backhaul transport rate,load train ratio and cost requirement corresponding to the realization of breakeven under different subsidies.The main contents and conclusions of the dissertation are shown as follows.(1)Based on the characteristics of international container transport,the differences between international container transportation and domestic container transportation are analyzed from the perspectives of multi-agent,business scenario diversification and business complexity.This paper compares and analyzes the process of international container transport and sea-land intermodal transport of two different transnational container transports,and establishes a time measurement model and financial cost model for international container transport and sea-land container transport.Finally,A comparative analysis was carried out by constructing actual cases.The results show that the total transit time of international container trains mainly includes railway transportation time,customs clearance time,replacement time and time to transport to the loading and unloading area,of which railway transportation time accounts for 60%?68%.If we can negotiate and negotiate with other countries and set up corresponding special windows,the passage time will be greatly shortened and the transportation efficiency will be improved.The proportion of the financial expenses of the various links in the whole process costs is the main cost,accounting for more than 90%.Since the foreign railway transportation rate is higher than the domestic railway transportation rate,the transit fee is negotiated with the transit queues of the Central European trains,and the transportation rate of the trains in the foreign road sections is reduced.It can reduce the financial expenses of international container trains by 10%?20% to a certain extent.(2)Research on the relative competitiveness of international container transport Based on the value characteristics of cargo.Classification of cargo transported by cross-border international container transport through actual research data and the value characteristics of cargo.With reference to the theory of comparative comparative advantage in the field of economics,this paper constructs a model of relative competitiveness index of international container trains and based on this model,studies on the transport of cargo for cross-border intermodal trains.Finally,we analyzes the influencing factors of the competitiveness of international container trains.The results show that the competitiveness of international container trains increases as the value of cargo increases,and this shows that as the value of the cargo increases,the cargo itself is able to withstand the freight.At the same time,the requirements for the level of transportation services are improved,and the advantages of fast and punctuality of international container trains can compensate for the disadvantages of their high freight rates,thus increasing the relative competitiveness of international container trains.When the value of the cargo transported by the train changes the same,the change in the hinterland range of the time-sensitive cargo is significantly greater than that of the non-time-sensitive ones.For example,the value of the cargo increased by 100,000 yuan /40 GP boxes,and the time range of the moderately sensitive cargo increased by 120 km,the range of the hinterland of the non-time sensitive cargo is increased by 50 km as well.It shows that the international intermodal train is more suitable for transporting moderately sensitive cargo.(3)A profit calculation model for the entire course is constructed,and we analyzes the competitiveness of backhaul cargo and the impact of backhaul revenue(backhaul freight rate,backhaul load train ratio)on profitability.Finally,in view of the situation that the government financial subsidies may gradually decline or even cancel,the sustainable development of China Railway Express is studied by analyzing the backhaul train price and heavy truck ratio requirements under the break-even condition.The results show that China Railway Express has a large competition for low-value-value backhaul-back cargo and non-time-sensitive cargo in time-sensitive categories,and it is necessary to appropriately reduce the backhaul cargo rate or reduce the backhaul transport time to attract the backhaul cargo.When the backhaul cargo rate is gradually reduced,the proportion of the backhaul heavy train corresponding to the break-even is gradually increased,but when the backhaul heavy-duty rate rises to 100%,continuing to reduce the backhaul cargo rate will result in a loss.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the appropriate backhaul cargo rate based on the backhaul source and cost.By increasing the rate of backhaul trains and reducing the impact of the decline in government subsidies,it is necessary to compensate for the reduction in subsidies by increasing the income of the trains and reducing costs.