| Shanxi Province is located in the semi-arid area,which is one of the provinces with serious shortage of water resources.The residents' drinking water mainly comes from the drinking water source of Fenhe River Basin,including the surface water and underground water source of drinking water project.In addition,Shanxi is a typical drinking water type fluorosis and arsenic poisoning area.In recent years,the rapid expansion of population in Shanxi Province has led to a straight-line increase in the discharge of urban domestic sewage.The pollution level has greatly exceeded the self purification capacity of surface water and groundwater,resulting in the continuous deterioration of water quality and potential health risks for local residents.Based on the surface water and groundwater drinking water sources in Fenhe River Basin,this study analyzes the spatial distribution,time distribution,ecological risk and health risk to residents of various water chemical indicators.The main research findings are as follow:1.The concentration of fluoride in the improved water of Shanxi Province is 0.7–1 mg/L,but the concentration of fluoride in the untreated drinking water is 1.8–6.2 mg/L.In Shanxi Province,10%,1.3% and 0.06% of children are at risk of caries,dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.More attention should be paid to health and effective measures should be taken to reduce the adverse effects on health in some specific areas where there is a high risk of fluoride for children.2.The concentration range of fluoride in groundwater in different areas of Taiyuan city is 0.1–5.7 mg/L.50% of drinking water samples showed that the fluoride concentration was lower than the minimum daily intake(0.5 mg/L)recommended by the World Health Organization,37.53% of the fluoride concentration range was 0.5–1.0 mg/L,and 12.37% of the fluoride concentration was higher than 1.0 mg/L.As the utilization rate of water resources in suburbs(coal mines and large industrial bases)is higher than that in cities,the suburbs need more groundwater protection policies.3.In 2010–2017,the trend of F and as increased significantly under the land use change caused by human factors.The change of land use results in the increase of fluoride and arsenic concentration in groundwater in different periods.The health risk in most areas of Taiyuan is relatively low,and in the south of Taiyuan is relatively high.In addition,the fluctuation of arsenic concentration is greater than that of fluoride concentration.4.From 2009 to 2018,high concentration groundwater pollutants are mainly distributed in areas with low NDVI index.With the increase of vegetation coverage,the frequency of high concentration pollutants in groundwater is low.5.The water chemical index of the Yellow River Diversion Project is generally at a high pollution level.The water quality in the middle reaches is poor,80% of the annual average value is at the marginal level,and the total phosphorus and total nitrogen levels in the lower reaches increase significantly with time,which may lead to eutrophication and other problems.Attention should be paid to the potential damage of copper and zinc to aquatic organisms. |
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