Research On Quality Optimization Of China Railway Transportation's Accounting Information Based On "The Resource Flow-Value Flow"

With the rapid development of China railway industry,railway network continues to expand and railway business,technology and management innovation continues to grow.Inherent and non-inherent attributes of railway have an important impaction on accounting information quality under the new situation.Even if strictly railway in accordance with accounting standards,the railway accounting information is still not real and useful enough,which is an accounting information paradox phenomenon.Unified command and dispatching system,complex revenue cost splittingsystem,and the traditional railway management system make it more complex to analyze the problem.Under the "going out" strategy and the "thirteen five years plan" reform of state-owned enterprises,the railway transport enterprises need to further carry out market reform,innovation of investment and financing mode,to realize the sustainable development,which require high quality of the railway transport enterprise.The related literature mainly involves three topics:the first one is technical and economic documents of railway industry,mainly for public welfare,network economy,asset specificity,centralized dispatching,complex production and management interface characteristics of railway industry and railway transport enterprises.The second is the quality of accounting information of railway,mainly using the accounting goal theory,asymmetric information and signaling theory,principal-agent theory.These theory general theories and methods illustrate the quality of accounting information of railway transport enterprise from two aspects of accountability and decision usefulness.The third one is literature about the element flow and value flow,combined with specific industry production process "element flow and value flow" in the analysis framework of material and value flow.Based on the existing research results,this paper try to answer the following questions:what kind of property does the railway industry have?How can "railway resources flow,value flow" reflect in special economic and technical characteristics?What is the mechanism of railway industry attribute affect the quality of accounting information?Based on the "railway resources flow,value flow ",combined with the analysis of the railway industry basic properties and production processes,this paper use the production process of railway transportation's accounting information as the main line,and apply thelogic of" railway industry attributes,resource value flow,the quality of accounting information".Moreover,this paper combines the based research method for railway production and process and the quality of accounting information resource flow and value flow mechanism to analyze the inherent attribute and non-inherent attribute of the railway,the quality of accounting information transmission mechanism.Finally,this paper contributes to four key areas of railway related transactions,asset specificity,freight revenue settlement and the budget of transportation cost.The main conclusions are as following:First,the industry characteristics of railway can affect the quality and usefulness of accounting information.Railway industry has inherent attributes and non-inherent attribute of the two aspects of the technical and economic characteristics.Among them,the intrinsic properties include network economy(economies of scale and economies of scope),asset specificity,commonweal and natural monopoly.Non-inherent attribute consist a set of command and dispatch unified,the financial settlement,accounting classification,budget management.The industrial attribute of railway system environment deeply influences railway production of accounting information and accounting rules and form a systemic and local effects on the quality of accounting information of railway.In particular,China's railway industry centralized dispatching and the revenue clearing system have great influence on the quality of accounting information.Second,the paper constructs "the railway industryattribute,value of railway resources flow,quality of accounting information" mechanism analysis system.That include the "railway resources flow,value flow" railway value flow and information flow of the conduction mechanism,"railway resources value flow,accounting information" of accounting information formation mechanism,and"the railway industry attribute,quality of accounting information" dicision mechanism.Based on railway transport production and process analysis,the paper analyzes the public sector railway,railway industry large managing span and complex production process,the railroad industry unified accounting system,and industry characteristics effect of the railway industry on accounting standards,along with the railway management system and mechanism influences the quality of accounting information,the conduction and effect.Third,the optimization path of railway accounting information quality includes:establishing railway production factors market(price discovery market),setting specific assets trading market,perfect railway accounting standards,accounting rules and accounting practices;optimizing the accounting recognition,measurement and reporting system;effectively strengthening the control environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,monitoring the internal control factors;using cloud calculation,data and information system accounting technology,so as to improve the railway accounting information authenticity,relevance,prudent,transparent degree of qualitative characteristics of accounting information.Fourth,as for railway related party transactions,special assets,liquidation of freight income,transportation cost settlement,these four key areas of research show that the intrinsic properties of the railway network(industry with network characteristics)is the basic cause which affects railway related party transactions,special assets,freight income and transport cost accounting information quality.In order to improve the quality of accounting information for railway,we should focus on solving the problems as follows:the related party transactions is not reasonable under the principal operating mode pricing,information disclosure opaque;the difficulty to evaluate asset specificity;confirmation of intangible assets is not sufficient;liquidation price of freight transport income is unreasonable;extensive cost accounting,budget management and earnings management etc.In this paper,we establish "the railway industry attribute,value of railway resources flow,quality of accounting information " system mechanism,and explore the railway industrial property and production process of the quality of accounting information transmission mechanism and realization path.Moreover,we evaluate the quality of accounting information of the railway in our country.All of these provide a new perspective for the improvement of accounting information quality and practical operation system of China's railway industry,and provides the theoretical support for railway industry reform and the country strategy implementation.