Research On Key Technology Of Coverage Control In Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of sensor technology, wireless communication and electronics manufacturing technology, the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming smarter, which can be distributed in environment sampling, sensing and interacting with the physical world.WSN technology offers numerous advantages such as lower costs, higher scalability, flexibility and ease of deployment that enables its use in a wide range of diverse applications. Through the coverage control of routing control, the work state of node and scheduling towards limited resource, the effective coverage to the monitored area can be guaranteed.However, as the applications of WSNs contain more and more nodes,huge quantities of data, more complex transmit environment and application scenarios, the connectivity between nodes, the channel fading and interference over nodes, the part-connection and low efficiency of resource utilization in resource allocation alrotrithms make coverage control in WSNs become more and more complex, how to study the coverage control in current application of WSNs is the key point of this article.This paper focuses on the key technologies in wireless sensor network coverage control, the energy-efficiency coverage control in network layer, cross-layer adaptive coverage control and the coverage enhancement algorithm are designed, which are the theoretical exploration and validation of the algorithms in order to promote the large-scale deployment, applications of WSNs. In this paper, the main innovative points are as follows:Due to the lifetime shorting caused by the unexpected intra-cluster and inter-cluster broadcast overheads by periodical Cluster Head(CH)rotation during routing construction in network layer, an energy efficiency coverage control algorithm based on cluster head classified is proposed. Based on energy classification, Primary Cluster Head(PCH)and Secondary Cluster Head(SCH) are elected in a cluster, and a rotation threshold is set for PCH rotation; an optimal relay routing is selected based on optimum theory to reduce the energy consumed in inter-cluster communication. The simulation shows the improved algorithm reduces the frequency of PCH rotaion, and prolongs the lifetime of the network.Considering the influence of part-connection induced by random sleep scheduling and the lower utilization efficience caused by fixed resource allocation method supportted different traffic. A novel hybrid sleep scheduling scheme and a supply-and-demand resource allocation scheme are designed respectively.Based on the distribution and transmit characteristics of the sensors and the hard-core point process, the work state of nodes is adaptively activated, then the coverage measure to event is analyzed based on active sensors. Simulation shows under complex transmit channel, the improved algorithm enhances the performance of coverage to the monitored event; based on the abstraction of resource blocks, the classifications of supported traffic, the utilization frequency of resource blocks,a novel supply-and-demand coverage control algorithm is proposed, the resource blocks can be allocated adaptively with the change of coverage requirement in network to support different traffic with a higher resource utilization profit.Considering the influence of irregular sensing area of node caused by channel to the k-coverage performance, a novel k-coverage measure algrithm based on irregular sensing domain and Kinematic measure in plane is proposed. Combining with the spatial distribution, the characteristics of transmit channel, a novel sensing model in fading channel is designed; through the analysis of interfers around the nodes, a coverage measure based on a guard-region-based interference model is proposed; a novel k coverage measure under irregular sensing area is deduced by combining the fading-channel-based sensing model with the density, kinematic measure of motion in planar from integral geometry.Simulations are implemented to analyze the influence of distribution and transmit channel to the k-coverage performance. Finally, with the introduction of irregular sensing domain, the networking model is more applicable to real application situations and the computation of coverage measure is more accurate.