Research On The Literati Drama In The Late Qing Dynasty

This paper mainly sutdy on the literati drama in the Late Qing dynasty from the beginng of Daoguang (1821) to the end of Xuantong(1911). The classical drama experenced transformation accompaned by the change of the society during the important stage. Because of the forma precious sutdy on literati drama was the weak part, therefore, this paper maily talking about several topics of conversation from the following aspects. On the one hand, we concentrate on the the background form the macro erspective, the way of staging, the creative themes, the overall pattern of drama writer, the outstanding crative ways, as well as the changes occurd in the inner system of drama. On the other hand, we focus on writers who's activities esperience and achievements obtaind was repersentative in the Late Qing dynasty.The backgound of the creative of literati darma in the Late Qing maily include three aspacts. First, the feature of Ya Zheng in drama since the middle period of Qing dynasgy affcet the drama style of the Late Qing. Second, the change of the literati atmosphere and morale also affcets the gourp composition of writer and the trend of creation in the Late Qing, perented the surrering consciousness and the mood of salvation. Third, the home theatrical troupe owned by literati disappeard gradually and the ban on drama continued during the Late Qing, which were important background. The theme of literati drama changed druing the time ,such as expressing expressing personal feeling to care the country, from descriping the romantic story to chastity story, which embodied the main change of drama of the Late Qing dynasty.The features of overall pattern on literati drama writer were bovious. First, the number of the writer form Jiangsu and Zhejiang accupyed the absolute advantage on the geographical pattern,and appeard the main group such form Suzhou,Hangzhou,Changsha, Guangzhou and so on. And totally they composed a large net because their activity. With the rise of the press in the late Qing Dynasty Mode of transmission,Opera House the role of Drama writer identity differentiation, They no longer confined to the simple scholar associations, poems and other traditional patterns, but broader public space by the spreading of newspapers and periodicals. The identity of drama writer achieved the conversion form traditional to modern. The prosperity of journal Caused the regional changed of the Drama, Shanghai became the Center of Literati drama.In the inner system, important changes occurred in Late Qing drama. In the method of creation of "Yiwenweiqu", writer created a drama in a accordance with an article, which leaded to the drama could not perfmrmant. And caused the trend that a drama more and more like an an article or a biography. Due to the articles,biographies, caused the imbalance of JiaoSe (roles), mainly between "Sheng" and"Dan". One JiaoSe plays an lead role,while the other had to became the cecondray position.Among literati writers,someone became the representative to some extent,such as Yan Tingzhong, Huang Xieqing, Yuan Zuguang and so on. Yan Tingzhong was the lead of the association of poetry,and had a extensive contacts with other famous writers, his work Qiushengpu expressed the feeling of sad because he was not satisfied with what he did. Huang Xieqing was another famous poet, dramatist in Late Qing dynasty, but his official career was not smooth. His friends contributed to his drama creation. Such as the Dinvhua (Princess Changping) was promoted by Chen Qitai, Jilingyuan and Yuanjing (Yuanyang Mirror) was promoted by Chen Yongguang,the leader of education of Zhejiang Provence. His Taoxixue and Yutaiqiu was entrusted to created to commend chastity and officium defunctorm by Wu Tingkang.Although he was a famous poet, but exposured the talent shortage on the drama creation. Yuan Zuguang was a famous because of his Quyuan Zaju and Quyuan Zaju Xubian ( Sequel of Quyuan Zaju) which not noly expressed individual feelings but also reflected vulnerable of the contry, the pernicious influence of opium, imitate the West and so on. Form different angles. Facing the change of the era, the attitude to tsunatsune s Yuan Zuguang was contradictory, on the one hand, as a troditional litareti,he stick to tsunatsune, on the other hand, he criticized the social system. His drama creation embodies the inheritance and development to traditional style. In the historical position his drama racing together bridle to bridle with drama of Liang Qichao. This Paper investigted the birth year of dramatist of the Late Qing dynasty for the first time,which will strength the research in this filed.