The Energy Metabolism Study Of Effective Components From Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) On DIO Mice Based On Metabolomics And Multispectral Imaging Technology

Bitter melon (BM), as a traditional medicine edible food, was widely planted all over the world. Especially in Asian countries, bitter melon was famous for its hypoglycemic and reducing weight effects. However, with the deepening of mechanism research which focus on the effect of bitter melon on fat deposition, the main research still concentrated in some local mechanism and were out of systemic investigates from metabolic perspective. Therefore, according to requirements of the nonintrusive and systemic research, it is necessary to study the metabolomics effect of BM and its effective components on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.At present, there is less research aim at the effect of BM on DIO mice which based on metabolomics. Although, previous studies have been confirmed the effect on losing weight of BM, we here studied its effects on fat deposition and energy metabolism of DIO mice, systematically. Secondly, we also studied the aqueous phase, n-butanol phase, ethyl acetate phase and residue of BM on DIO mice by dietary supplement.Thirdly, we verified the effects of fat accumulation resistance and anti-inflammatory of Momordica Charantia triterpenoid (Mc3) which extracted from n-butanol phase extractive. Finally, we used the multispectral imaging (MSI) system to detect the effective components of BM and the application has not been reported.Based on the basis of the analysis and summaries on the research background and methods domestic and overseas, we study the metabolomics effects of BM and its effective components on DIO mice by using animal model, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling combination methods. On this basis, we confirmed the effective components on losing weight and used the MSI for detection. The main research works and achievements are as follows:(1) Based on the methods of NMR metabolomics, BM was found to improve the energy metabolism of DIO mice. By the study of HFD, LFD and HFD+5%BM group,37 kinds of metabolites were identified by the metabolomics analysis on urine sample.Through multivariate statistical analysis and single factor analysis, the effects on metabolic pathway of BM dietary supplement were discussed and the significant changes of metabolic pathways associated with glycometabolism were identified.(2) Under the condition of no obvious differences in dietary intake, as the research object in mice fed with extract of BM, the effects of body weight, insulin resistance and the weights of BAT, EAT and SAT of mice by HFD+0.25%BMB were significantly better than the effects of HFD+0.25%BME, HFD+1%BMW and HFD+4.5%BMF group. The HFD+0.25%BMB presents similar effects with HFD+5%BM. Under the analysis of mice serum by using NMR, 20 kinds of metabolites were identified, including citrate, succinate, creatine and pyruvate et al which were important metabolites in the TCA cycle and the amino acid cycle.(3) As the research of BM triterpenoid Mc3, the results showed that it can inhibit fat deposition and inflammation of adipocyte. The Mc3 can inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and accumulation of triglycerides. It also can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 macropages and promote phosphorylation of AMPK, significantly.(4) The effective components of BM which can inhibit fat accumulation and improve energy metabolism of mice was analyzed by MSI. The PLSR methods can be used to establish the forecast model of BM effective components. The good results of models were obtained with determination coefficient (Rp2) of 0.773 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.0037. On the base of this, the effective components of BM can be visualized by image processing. MSI can be used as a rapid detection method of BM effective components and the distribution of the effective components can be more intuitive visually evaluated by MSI.On the basis of metabonomics study, we analyzed metabolic effects on mice which fed by high-fat diet supplement with BM and n-Butyl alcohol phase extract of BM,verified the effects anti fat accumulation and inflammatory of Mc3 and achieved the rapid detection of effective components of BM by using MSI system. This research provide a theoretical reference to analysis of effective components of natural functional food, it also reflects the important application value of multidisciplinary cross analysis in food science.