Effect Of Different Crop Residue Managements To Soil Fertility And Productivity In The North Huanghuaihai Plain In China

Different crop residue managements are discussed in a field trail in Dezhou,Shandong Province.A new method is discussed in this research.The maize residue is pulverized,and compressed into granule figure.Five different residue processing procedures,Complete stalk（CS）,crushed residue（CR）,granule residue（GR）,biochar（BC）and plant ash（PA）,and four depth of incorporation,mulching（0cm）,rotary tillage（15cm）,plough（25cm）and deep plough（40cm）,and CK（residue is removed）are designed in the field trail.Their effects on soil fertility,crop growth,crop yield and annual comprehensive benefit are discussed in this study.The main results are as follows:1.GR returns more carbon and nitrogen than PA,which is important to the soil organic matter and total nitrogen.After 1 year,GR significantly increases the content of soil organic matter（by3.87%-6.17%）,total nitrogen（by6.13%-7.13%）,available phosphorus（by22.73-44.68%）and available potassium（by 0.96-5.96%）compared to CK,which are also significantly higher than PA.The photosynthetic rate,Cond,Tr,SPAD of maize are also significantly improved by GR.And GR obtains higher annual crop yield than CK and PA.Compared to CR,GR has better effect on soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium.The wheat yield of GR is also significantly increased compared to CR.GR has significantly effect on both soil fertility and crop yield.Which means GR is an alternative to GR or PA.2.After 1 year,the soil fertility and annual crop yield are increased with deepening of residue return.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in where residue incorporated are significantly increased compared to CK.GR ploughed into soil（25cm）increased the soil fertility and crop yield compared to other deepness conditions.Ploughing GR into soil is easy to carry out in practice,which means GR has a bright future of popularization.3.By comparing producing cost,annual yield and environmental benefit,the results show that:GR has higher production benefit and environmental benefit than CR and PA.By returning residue into25cm below ground,GR obtains higher annual yield than other deepness conditions.And the cost of GR is only a little higher than CR.It also has lower CO₂ emission than returning residue into 15cm below ground.4.In brief,GR has great potential and promising prospect.And GR should be ploughed into soil（25cm）which would achieve highest annual crop yield and environmental benefit.