Study On Agricultural Development And Oasis Ecosystem Evolution In Shihezi Reclamation Zone

Shihezi reclamation zone is located in middle of Northern Economic Zone of TianshanMontains, the comprehensive development of agriculture and Economic development inpast60years is North foot of TianShan Mountain, even to the whole oasis in Xinjiang inminiature. During60years, a modernized new pattern agriculture region is established in awilderness and the natural oasis in ShiheZi reclamation zone, which developed into alarge-scale Oasis Economic Zone which south one to meet Tianshan north reaches theGurbantonggute desert, which becomes the biggest new reclaimed and constructed oasis inXinjiang since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) founded. In this period, Manasi rivervalley water-land resources be brought into fullest development, the land reclamation personshave brought the advanced culivation technique from the interior area, introduced the finebiological species, changed the basin biological structure; Compares with the developmentbefore, total biomass big increased, the social economy has obtained the unprecedenteddevelopment which never happened before.With agricultural developing, The Shihezi oasis ecological environment has alsochanged deepenly, big piece wilderness and wilderness prairie is developed into the farming,Artificial oasis has substituted the past wilderness and the natural oasis, dispersed the past ineach place ancient oasis joint Large expanse of, oasis area expanded largely; meanwhile, as aresult of the unrational development way, the oasis outflow boundary also appeared the trendsof desertification, also produced a series of ecological environment questions, such as soilsalination、lower reaches dried up、living things variety reduced、soil pollution、wetlanddecreased、water and soil loss aggravated, is threatening the oasis agriculture sustainabledevelopment seriously。The agricultural development changed the oasis agriculture ecosystem structure, the landutilization way has also changed obviously, farming、the field、the waters、 the constructionuse the varying degree increased, and the forest land first reduced then increased, but keepbalance in total, the pastures reduced obviously. The function depends on the structure, thesystem function has also changed obviously, research report indicated, from1958to2010,ShiSheZi ecological function improved obviously， ecosystem service value assumes theconstant rise tendency, increased78.81%during52years from1.464billion Yuan in1952to2.618billion Yuan, each single item service function value also assumes the varying degreethe increase. Further research indicating, Shihezi oasis ecology, economical coordinateddevelopment in this period, but assumes the drop tendency as a whole, at present already close critical, the oasis ecological environment security situation is stern, adjustingagricultural production structure and land utilization way, extremely urgent.Scientific research discovered, oasis agriculture ecosystem structure and the functionchanges mainly was as a result of the water resources developed and utilized in the past60years, the water is the key factor of the oasis existence and the evolution, which the breadthand depth of the oasis agriculture development is up to the way and the level of the waterutilization. But in the view of the present realistic situation of the oasis, the development ofsurface water resources several near it’s limits, the direction of next oasis agriculturedevelopment should be: on the basis of further improving the highly effective irrigation ofsaving water, adjusting the oasis agricultural production structure and the industrial layoutpositively, increasing the grain and reducing the cotton and kapok, expanding the grass andflourishing the herd, expanding the garden and planting the forest, promoting combination ofagriculture and animal husbandry, optimizing oasis land utilization, realizing oasis agriculturesustainable development.In order to safeguard the agricultural development to carry on smoothly, put forwardfollowing measures: Innovating farmland system, Safeguarding ecology water used,establishing ecology ecological compensation mechanism, innovating oasis agriculturaltechnology system, constructing green GDP calculation system, setting up environment taxrevenue system, protecting the reasonable utilization of the resources, harmonizing betweenXinjiang production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and Xinjiang Uygur AutonomousRegion government, realizing the highly effective use of the resources of the reclamation areaagriculture and the sustainable development of the Oases Agriculture.