A Study Of Lenin’s Agrarian Revolution Thought

Land is an important material base of agricultural production, also one of the most fundamental means of production. Ever since joining the revolution, Lenin had always paid great attention to the issues concerning land or land issues in Russia. He led Russian people fighting against his tsarist autocracy and Russian capitalist class. During this period, he gradually formed a complete ideological system of agrarian revolution.This article systematically analyzes Lenin’s proposals on land revolution, the guiding principles of his thoughts and his land policies in different periods, interprets their internal connections and clarifies the veining and related emphases of Lenin’s thoughts on land revolution.When Lenin began joining Russian revolution, the residue of Russian’s serf system still influenced the agricultural production and farmer’s life in Russia. Farmers had not yet gained true freedom, and they barely owned any land. In order to eliminate the Czarist government and its aristocrat’s oppression on people, Lenin came up with three proposals in his early stage of revolution:eliminating the residue of serf system, returning ransom money and taking back cede territory, fighting for political freedom. He hoped to solve the land issues in Russia through these ways. However, the1905Revolution made Lenin realize that the former land policies had its faults. Lenin and the Social Democratic Party overestimated the development stage of Russian’s capitalism and underestimate the revolutionary enthusiasm of farmers. As a result, after the1905Revolution, Lenin bought out the idea of "land nationalization". He emphasized that the "land nationalization" was the most fundamental policy of capitalism land revolution."Land nationalization" had an extremely important place in Lenin’s land revolution thoughts. It reflected Lenin’s indepth consideration and theatrical wisdom to deal with land issues in agricultural countries. This article studies Lenin’s "Land nationalization" thought, and thinks that before and after the Russian’s bourgeois democratic revolution, Lenin’s idea on "land nationalization" has gone thought a phase from denial (against "land nationalization")------to cautious ("land nationalization" under certain conditions)-------to co firmness (supporting "land nationalization"). From the transformation of Lenin’s attitude towards "land nationalization", we can clearly see the progress of Russian’s revolution and it also reflects the gradual improving of Lenin’s experience in revolution and the deepening of his recognition in revolution.At the beginning of the victory of the October Revolution, the Soviet led by Lenin had confirmed the land policy through "Land Law" It abolished the private ownership of land and solidified the basis of "land nationalization". In face of foreign armed interference and civil wars, Lenin decisively declared that the country had entered a state of "Wartime Communism". He thought that, during Wartime Communism, only common cultivation of land can save the country from danger."Only the way can truly transfer the land to the hands of laborers." In fact, Wartime Communism was a temporary economical policy during special period for the country to quickly get rid of difficulties. When the civil war ended, Wartime Communism no longer met the needs of economical and social development. As a result, the "Tenth Conference" of Russian Communist Party confirmed the new economical polices. They abolished the former policy of collection of surplus grain and change the grain tax to greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of farmer. On the land issues, through the establishment of laws and other means, the Soviet maintained land nationalization, confirmed farmer’s ownership of land, and improve the flexibility of farmers owning and using of land.Objectively speaking, due to the reason of health in his old age, Lenin had not many theories in Russian’s land issues, but it didn’t mean that he didn’t care. His concern about land issues in the blueprint of the road of socialism can be found in his discussions on cooperatives and Cultural Revolution in his "political will".Lenin’s land revolution idea inherits and improves Marx’s land theory. It is a combination of Marxism and Russian’s agricultural development. It provides the underdeveloped countries with experience and examples for the solutions to their own land issues.