A Study Of English Parliament1529-1689

Between1529and1689, English parliament had a great transform from anirregularly summoned political assistant convention to a regular decision-makingbody of sovereignty.The parliament defeated all contenders, Pope, King, and the House of Commons.When the Reformation began in1529, the authority of Pope started to retreat inEngland. In1689, The Bill of Right prohibited Catholic inherited the Crown; it was asymbol of that Pope was not a contender of English sovereignty for ever. The Kingcontested sovereignty with the parliament, resulting in the civil war. Thoughparliament won, itself changed to an Oligarchy based on a minority of representatives.Oliver Cromwell tried to make a balance to the parliamentary Oligarchy, andestablished the Protectorate. Because the Protectorate based on the support of thearmy, it lost the trust of the public. The public preferred recovering the monarchy toparliamentary Oligarchy or the Protectorate. When the Stuart restored, the contest ofsovereignty between King and parliament came back too. James II tried to recoverCatholic in England, so he lost all supporters in parliament. Whigs and Tories made acoup together, expelled James II, and crowed the Protestant William and Mary.The parliament could stand out from all the contenders, because parliament canavoid despotism at the furthest. For its structure, parliament has a priori constitutionalfactor. Parliament consists of King, lords and commons, which is different from thesystem controled by Pope or King. Before birthed, the sovereignty had passed thepre-balance inside the parliament, and the risk of despotism had been removed. Theexsit of the King and lord house can avoid the despotism of common house controledby minority. Through a different way from the traditional monarchy, Englishparliament generated a sovereignty which protected the rights of public rather thanviolated them.