| It has been more than30years since China reformed and open, economic grows so fast that the average annual growth rate is of10%or so. While economic grows rapidly, China has also paid a heavy price for the resources and the environment, it has appeared the heavy environmental dilemma that has been in developed countries during industrialized process over a hundred years, in the same time, face the dual pressures of the unbalance of world economic structure and the unbalance of domestic economic structure, There is a structural problem in the sustainable aspects of Chinese economic development. China has become one of the important motive forces of the global economic growth, if not timely adjusted the economic structure, it may pay greater economic and social cost for China and even global economy.Because of the public goods character of environmental resources and the negative exterior nature of environmental problem, as well as the greatest benefit to the microcosmic economy body, it is difficult to solve environmental problems by the market mechanism own, therefore, the government must hand the implementation of environmental regulation to protect environment. Whether the implementation of environmental regulation protect environment and promote economic growth, so as to achieve the "win-win" goal of social development? According to industrial organization theory, environmental regulation affects the corporate market behavior through cost effect, and thus affects industrial development; promote the transition of industrial structure. It has the important influence on economic growth and the environment improvement by adjusting industrial structure. It is the important grasper of the realization of two type society and promoting the transformation of the mode of economic development. Therefore, in the perspective of industrial structure the paper study the mechanism and effect of which environmental regulation promote economic growth and environmental improvement, China’s environmental regulation impact on the industrial structure, economic growth and environmental improvement at this stage, and provide certain theoretical and practical basis for the adjustment of industrial structure in China.First of all, based on the reality of domestic data, this paper analysis the present situation of the economic growth and the improvement of environment in the perspective of industrial structure. The statistical analysis results of economic growth showed the leading force in economic growth come from the second industry since China reformed and open up at1978; it is the greatest contribution to economic growth. The contribution to economic growth from the tertiary industry is increasing, and the contribution to economic growth from the first industry shows the trend that drops ceaselessly. The industrial structure change is consistent with Kuznets fact:with the development of economy, agricultural labour force transfer to industrial department, then transfer to service department. But comparison to the international fact, the proportion of China’s first industrial labour force is far higher than the same level of income in other countries. The gap of the proportions of the second industry and the tertiary industry labour force is larger, especially for the proportion of the tertiary industry labour force. We make further analysis on our country economic growth efficiency by using "Shift-Share Analysis" method; separate the structure effect from the labor productivity growth. The results show from that thirty years of reform and opening up, China’s labor productivity growth is mainly depends on the structural changes and technology progress. The effect of structure change share43.76%in labor productivity growth, while the effect of technical progress account for56.24%. But in the view of three industry, They are not identical:the effect of the first industry structure change is negative, the labor productivity growth of the first industry is mainly derived from the internal system reform and technical progress; The effect of the second industry structure change is positive, it contribute42.24%for the labor productivity growth of the second industry; the effect of technical progress account for57.76%; The effect of the tertiary industry structure change is most significant, it contribute69.6%for the labor productivity growth of the tertiary industry; and the effect of technical progress account for30.4%, which indicate that the labor productivity growth of the tertiary industry mainly depends on the effect of structural changes that improve the efficiency of resource allocation, while not rely on the industrial technical efficiency change and technical progress.In the area of environmental protection, through statistical analysis, our country execute actively environmental regulation, so we make some progress on environmental management, and some of the major pollutant index showed good improvement, but the overall problem of environmental pollution is still very serious. Through the construction decomposition model of the environment factor, we separate the structure effect and technology effect from environmental improvement. The result shows that the technology effect of industrial pollution emissions exhibits a large negative values in China, in which, the technical effect of industrial solid wastes reached95.49%, followed by the technical effect of industrial sulfur dioxide emission,it reached approximately-73.01%, the technical effect of waste water emission also reached 70.36%.The structure effect of Industrial waste emission are presented relatively small positive number, which indicate that the economic structure changes did not improve the environment at present stage in China, they tend to increase pollution. The structure effect of industrial solid wastes reached79.96%, followed by the technical effect of industrial sulfur dioxide emission; it reached12.88%, the technical effect of waste water emission reached about2.25%. This is mainly because our country is still in the developing stage, the industry is still in the process of industrialization, economic growth depends on the related industries of poor environmental effects, especially the proportion of metal mining industry and associated with some heavy industry in industrial structure has rise largely since2001, although the intensity of the industry waste emission dropped somewhat, but overall, the proportion of the output value increased substantially, and made the whole pollution further worse, industrial structure changes did not improve environment, but further deteriorate the environment.Secondly, based on the industrial economics theory of industrial organization and industrial structure theory, in the perspective of industrial structure the paper study the mechanism and effect which environmental regulation promote economic growth and environmental improvement. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is conducive to economic growth and to improve the environment, at the same time, according to the theory of industrial organization, environmental regulation affects the corporate market behavior through cost effect, and thus affecting industrial development, promote the transition of industrial structure. This paper discusses the machine which environmental regulation promote the transition of industrial structure from four aspects: the first, environmental regulation may enhance the enterprise necessary amount of capital and impose more stringent standards for new enterprises,which may become the entry barriers to impede enterprises enter, it make regulated industry grows suffocate, and affect industrial structure; secondly, environmental regulation affect the structure of product supply through the influence on the consumption structure, investment structure and the ratio of consumption and investment, ultimately affect industrial structure. Thirdly, environmental regulation can impede or facilitate the industries fully developed by blocking or stimulating enterprise technology innovation, and affect the industrial structure. On the other hand, continuous accumulation of technology innovation will inspire new production technology, the emergence of new industries develop new industries which will promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, promote industrial structure development advanced; The fourth, the distinct intensity of the environmental regulation make a country appear " Pollution Haven Hypothesis" or "Pollution Haven Effect" through international trade, and then affects a country’s industrial structure change. This paper clarify the mechanism of which environmental regulation impel the transition of industrial structure from the aspects, that can provide reasonable theoretical basis for our country to make the reasonable environmental regulation policy. It is also the innovation of this paper.Based on the standard research, this article introduce pollution density into the Cobb-Douglas production function as a factor of production, improve Ngai and Pissarides (2007) model, and build a competition decentralization equilibrium model, we get the two conclusions through mathematical analysis:(1) along with the environmental tax increases, the pollution density will become more and more smaller. That is to say, with the pollution tax increasing, economies will adopt cleaner production technology, be more corporeal capital for pollution control, and be less physical capital investment in material production. The effects that the severity of pollution emission standard impact on pollution density are more complex:when the product price is greater than the environmental tax, with the severity of pollution emission standard increasing, pollution density will decrease and reach the advantages, and then with the severity of pollution emission standard increasing also continue to increase. That is to say, pollution density has the optimal pollution control; when the product price is less than the environmental taxes always, with the severity of pollution emission standard increasing, pollution density will also increase.(2)The severe standards of pollution emission will accelerate the flow of labour force among industries, make progress in the overall production technology, so as to promote the sustainable growth of economy; rational dynamic pollution tax growth will not only promote environmental improvement, but also promote economic growth, achieve the "win-win" goal of economic growth and environment improvement. It is one of the innovations.Thirdly, based on30provinces panel data besides Tibet, the paper make empirical analysis on the machines which environmental regulation promote economic growth and environment improvement in the perspective of industrial structure, and get the following basic conclusions:(1) The implementation of environmental regulation is conducive to the upgrading of consumption structure, with the severity of environmental regulation increasing ceaselessly, the dweller consumptive structure can be optimized ceaselessly upgrading; At the same time, environmental regulation has positive stimulating effect on the coefficient of investment structure, with the severity of environmental regulation increasing ceaselessly, the coefficient of investment structure tends to be a high level.(2) environmental regulation have not become the barriers of industrial entry, with the environmental regulation is growing more severely, the number of industrial enterprises does not reduce, which suggest that the weaker environmental regulation does not make blocking effect on the industrial entry in technology and capital or other aspects.(3) Environmental regulations has positive stimulating effect on technical progress, that is to say, environmental regulation has incentive effect on the technology innovation.(4) The weaker environmental regulation in China does not make blocking effect on the entry of foreign capital, but is the most important factors to attract foreign capital.(5)Except that the entry of industrial enterprises is not beneficial to the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, consumption structure, the upgrading of investment structure, technological innovation and international trade has positive stimulating effect on the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, but the promoting effect of international trade is not significant in statistically.(6) The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is conducive to economic growth, at the same time, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is also conducive to environmental improvement. Environmental regulation can effectively promote industrial structure optimization and upgrading by investment demand, consumption demand, technological progress and international trade, and the performance of influence is decreasing step by step. According to the author, the empirical results are also important innovation.Finally, the paper establish optimization model under the constraint of environment, and design three kinds of optimization scheme. The simulation results show that the government must be appropriate to reduce the proportion of the second industrial and enhance the proportion of tertiary industry in the national economy,,whether the scheme is the pursuit of economic growth, environment improvement, or the pursuit of "win-win" situation, the results of this study further shows that industrial structure must be optimized and upgrading in order to maintain sustainable economic growth, and point out the adjustment direction of optimization and upgrading for our country’s industrial structure. |
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