Study On The Doctrine Of The Mean From The Perspective Of Neo-confucianism Of Nan Song Dynasty

The significance of the study on the Doctrine of the Mean from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism of Nan Song Dynasty is to absorb and draw lessons from the related theory of ancient documents and results, grasp the Neo-Confucianism of Nan Song Dynasty by the philosophical connotations of the Doctrine of the Mean, find the basis of the revival of Confucianism ontology, and thus, to make a description and evaluation of Neo-Confucianism academic development of Nan Song Dynasty.The name of "Neo-Confucianism" started from Nan Song Dynasty. It mainly refers to the philosophical connotations, compared to the study of the textual exegesis between the Han and Tang Dynasty. Confucianism of the Han and Tang Dynasty fails to inherit the ontology development trend of the pre-qin Confucian. Furthermore, it tends to be overcomplicated and mysterious, and focuses on the text exegesis and defense, neglecting the overall grasp of the Confucian classic books. Thus, it hinders the development and innovation of the Confucianism. Scholars of Song Dynasty must deny the original exegetical study to revive the legitimacy of Confucianism on the academic thoughts, interpret the classics with the philosophical connotations, and establish the main connotation of the argumentative philosophy.Scholars of Song Dynasty revive Confucianism: on the one hand, they have to confront Fo Lao heresy theoretically; on the other hand, they need to solve two problems: first of all, to make an internal linking between nature and man and find an integrating point to build an ontology form in accordance with Confucian; Second, to promote the problems of person’s heart, so as to unite humanity and heart. They seek for answers on the basis of the pre-qin Confucian classical texts, finding the basis of ontology. Through the selection of texts, a collection of works, represented by "the Doctrine of the Mean", which contains the humanistic value and form, are thought to be more suitable for the academic development of the Song Dynasty, especially the return of the Confucianism.According to the process of the development of the thought of “the Doctrine of the Mean”, the paper is mainly divided into the following parts:The first part explores the origin as well as the framework and ideas of “the Doctrine of the Mean” and gives a brief summary of the development of the thought of “the Doctrine of the Mean” before Nan Song Dynasty. First of all, with medium and commonplace, the two words as a starting point, analysis is made of the structure of “the Doctrine of the Mean”(the way of nature and man, sincere and liberal arts); Secondly, the development of “the Doctrine of the Mean” in the Han and Tang Dynasties is reviewed from the perspective of the doctrine of the mean of pre-qin Confucian Confucius, Mencius and Xuncius; Then, the development of the thought of “the Doctrine of the Mean” from Zhou Dunyi to Chen Brothers is summarized, according to the interpretation of “the Doctrine of the Mean” made by the scholars of Song Dynasty.In the second part, the paper mainly discusses the interpretation of "the Doctrine of the Mean" by the scholars in the early Nan Song Dynasty, represented by Yang Shi, and its development process. From the political and economic background of the early Nan Song Dynasty, its internal theoretical origin is explored; then, the interpretation of "the Doctrine of the Mean" by Yang Shi is introduced. Yang analyzed and evaluated "the Doctrine of the Mean" from the aspects of the way of heaven and earth, the doctrines of gentlemen, Tao of sages, as well as criticism of Jing Gong‘s new theories.The third part, introduces the methodology of mean of Luo Congyan’s “meditation over mean”. Its influences on the later theories are also discussed from Luo’s interpretation of the doctrine of the mean, the interpretation of the heaven, life and doctrine.In the fourth part, this paper introduces Li Dong Methodology of “the Doctrine of the Mean”. It is summarized from the origin of Li Dong’s theory, the method of experiencing the joys and sorrows in peace, as well as Zhu Xi’s theory of “converting Buddha to Confucianism.The fifth part, introduces the Zhu Xi’s interpretation and study of “the Doctrine of the Mean”. Discussion is made on zhu xi’s emphasis on ruling of "golden mean", the definition of the doctrine of the mean, the concept of the first chapter “the Doctrine of the Mean”, the evolution process of the old and new interpretation, the criticism and construction of interpretation of “the Doctrine of the Mean” made by the disciples of Cheng school.The sixth part, briefly combed Ye Shi and Yang Jian’s ideas of “the Doctrine of the Mean” in the middle of the Nan Song Dynasty. The development of Neo-Confucianism in the middle and later periods of the Nan Song Dynasty is summarized, and Ye Shi and Yang Jian’s thought on“ the Doctrine of the Mean” are discussed respectively. On account of their thought, taking their criticism and deconstruction of “the Doctrine of the Mean” as a starting point, “the doctrine of the mean” was expounded.The ethics of Confucianism and the inherent relationship between heaven and human are established by the Confucians in Nan Song Dynasty, according to the philosophical connotations of the Doctrine of the Mean. And how to achieve ultimate state through internal training and the main body awareness is also made clear. In the social background of the overwhelming Fo Lao ideas and unidentification of heaven principles and human desires, the Confucian scholars, with their spirit of rationalism, constructed the common philosophical form with "four books" as the text of,and established the fundamental value and humanistic care of Confucianism in Nan Song Dynasty.